A. The factor by which a machine multiplies a force
Answer: The net force in every bolt is 44.9 kip
Explanation:
Given that;
External load applied = 245 kip
number of bolts n = 10
External Load shared by each bolt (P_E) = 245/10 = 24.5 kip
spring constant of the bolt Kb = 0.4 Mlb/in
spring constant of members Kc = 1.6 Mlb/in
combined stiffness factor C = Kb / (kb+kc) = 0.4 / ( 0.4 + 1.6) = 0.4 / 2 = 0.2 Mlb/in
Initial pre load Pi = 40 kip
now for Bolts; both pre load Pi and external load P_E are tensile in nature, therefore we add both of them
External Load on each bolt P_Eb = C × PE = 0.2 × 24.5 = 4.9 kip
So Total net Force on each bolt Fb = P_Eb + Pi
Fb = 4.9 kip + 40 kip
Fb = 44.9 kip
Therefore the net force in every bolt is 44.9 kip
Answer:
The tube surface temperature immediately after installation is 120.4°C and after prolonged service is 110.8°C
Explanation:
The properties of water at 100°C and 1 atm are:
pL = 957.9 kg/m³
pV = 0.596 kg/m³
ΔHL = 2257 kJ/kg
CpL = 4.217 kJ/kg K
uL = 279x10⁻⁶Ns/m²
KL = 0.68 W/m K
σ = 58.9x10³N/m
When the water boils on the surface its heat flux is:
For copper-water, the properties are:
Cfg = 0.0128
The heat flux is:
qn = 0.9 * 18703.42 = 16833.078 W/m²
The tube surface temperature immediately after installation is:
Tinst = 100 + 20.4 = 120.4°C
For rough surfaces, Cfg = 0.0068. Using the same equation:
ΔT = 10.8°C
The tube surface temperature after prolonged service is:
Tprolo = 100 + 10.8 = 110.8°C
So I’m thinking C because they both have a lot to do with design here is my evidence. Structural engineering is a component of civil engineering which focuses on the design and development of infrastructures such as bridges, skyscrapers, dams. Civil engineering is a professional engineering discipline that deals with the design, construction, and maintenance of the physical and naturally built environment. I may be wrong but hope this helped!
