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Gnoma [55]
3 years ago
13

En un lago helado se lanza un trozo de hielo de 500 g a la velocidad de 20 m/s. Si el coeficiente de rozamiento es de 0.04, calc

ula: a) La fuerza de rozamiento. b) La aceleración del trozo de hielo. c) El espacio recorrido por el trozo de hielo hasta detenerse.
Physics
1 answer:
nika2105 [10]3 years ago
6 0

Answer:

Sabemos que:

La masa del trozo de hielo es 500g

la velocidad inicial es 20 m/s

el coeficiente de fricción es 0.04

a) La fuerza de rozamiento de un objeto de masa M es escrita como:

F = M*g*μ

Y es en dirección opuesta al movimiento del objeto, entonces la rescribimos como:

F = -M*g*μ

Donde M es la masa del objeto, 500g, es útil escribirla en kilogramos, entonces podemos escribir M = 500g = 0.5 kg

g es la aceleración de la gravedad:

g = 9.8m/s^2

y μ es el coeficiente de fricción, en este caso es 0.04

Entonces la fuerza de fricción es:

F = -0.5kg*9.8m/s^2*0.04 = -0.196 N

b) Ahora queremos la aceleración, tenemos la segunda ley de Newton que dice:

F = M*a

-0.196 N = 0.5kg*a

(-0.196 N)/0.5kg = a = -0.392 m/s^2

c) Primero debemos escribir la ecuación de movimiento.

La aceleración es:

a = -0.392 m/s^2

Para obtener la velocidad, debemos integrar sobre el tiempo para obtener.

v(t) = (-0.392 m/s^2)*t + v0

Donde v0 es la velocidad inicial, en este caso 20m/s

Entonces la ecuación es:

v(t) = (-0.392 m/s^2)*t + 20m/s

Recordemos que esta fuerza solo actua mientras el objeto se mueva, esto significa que cuando la velocidad sea igual a cero, la fuerza desaparece, por lo tanto el objeto se detiene.

Entonces podemos obtener el valor de t para el cual la velocidad es igual a cero.

v(t) = 0 = (-0.392 m/s^2)*t + 20m/s

(0.392 m/s^2)*t  = 20m/s

t = 20m/s/(0.392 m/s^2) = 51.02 s

Esto significa que el objeto se va a mover por 51.02 segundos antes de detenerse totalmente.

Ahora, la ecuación de la posición puede obtenerse si integramos la ecuación de la velocidad, así obtenemos:

p(t) =  (1/2)*(-0.392 m/s^2)*t^2 + 20m/s*t + p0

donde p0 es la posición inicial del objeto.

Ahora, el espacio total recorrido por el trozo de hielo va a ser igual a la diferencia entre la posición final y la posición inicial, esto es:

D = p(51.02s) - p(0s)

D = ((1/2)*(-0.392 m/s^2)*(51.02s)^2 + 20m/s*51.02s + p0) - ((1/2)*(-0.392 m/s^2)*(0s)^2 + 20m/s*(0s) + p0)

D = (1/2)*(-0.392 m/s^2)*(51.02s)^2 + 20m/s*51.02s = 510.20 m

El trozo de hielo se mueve por 510.20 metros.

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