Zeff = Z - S
Here, Z is the number of protons in the nucleus, that is, atomic number, and S is the number of nonvalence electrons.
For boron, the electronic configuration is 1s₂ 2s₂ 2p₄
Z = 5, S = 2
Zeff = 5-2 = +3
For O, electronic configuration is 1s₂ 2s₂ 2p₄
Z = 8, S = 2
Zeff = 8-2 = +6
Hence, the correct answer is second option, that is, +3 and +6, the Zeff of boron is smaller in comparison to O, thus, boron exhibits a bigger size than O.
Soil
profile
Soil
profile is the vertical sequence of the layers of soil. Furthermore, there are
actually six layers of the soil which involves the organic matter, -where most
humus is present-, surface soil, the subsoil, the parent rock, and the bedrock
as the innermost and core layer of the soil. In addition each soil layer has
three to four soil horizon. These horizons are the physical features of the soil,
mainly the texture, color and composition.
Dispersion forces or London dispersion forces are collectively referred to as Van der Waals forces. These forces are temporary and arise from the relative position of electrons in one atom to another. If the electrons become distributed in an asymmetrical manner, the negative charge is concentrated at one end of the particle and a positive charge is concentrated at the other. These forces are also called induced dipole-induced dipole attraction.
Answer:
What best describes how light is produced is transmit & scatter light
