Condensed electron configuration of :
Ga = [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p¹.
O = 1s² 2s² 2p⁴
Gallium belongs to group 13 of the periodic table with 3 valence electrons. Oxygen (Atomic number = 8 and electronic configuration = 2,6) belongs to group 16 of the periodic table with 6 valence electrons. To achieve the octet stability criteria 2 gallium atoms will donate their 3 electrons each to 3 oxygen atoms.
The 3 oxygen atoms due to their high electron attracting ability will accept those electrons resulting in Ga3+ cation and O₂⁻ anion.
Thus, the formula of their compound if Ga₂O₃.
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The equation is as below,
<span>5 Ag</span>⁺ (aq) + Mn²⁺ <span>(aq) + 4H</span>₂<span>O (l) → 5Ag (s) + MnO4</span>⁻<span>(aq) + 8H</span>⁺ <span>(aq)
Reduction:
According to eq. Silver is reduced as,
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5 Ag⁺ + 5 e⁻ → 5 Ag
One electron is gained per Ag ion, so 5 Ag ions will gain 5 electrons.
Oxidation:
According to eq. Manganese is Oxidized as,
Mn²⁺ → MnO4⁻
Oxidation number of Mn in MnO₄⁻ is +7, so Mn²⁺ is loosing 5 electrons, Hence,
Mn²⁺ → MnO4⁻ + 5 e⁻
Results:
Hence, 5 moles of electrons are exchanged between oxidizing and reducing agents.
Haze is caused by particulate matter from incomplete combustion of car, truck, bus, burning of gasoline and diesel. This could also be caused by the buning of wood, coal, and heating oils from industry, electical generation plants that do not collect some of the pollutants at the smoke stack or exhaust points.
Since the heat of combustion of butane is higher than that of propane, butane will produce more heat per gram when burned compared to propane.
The heat of combustion of a compound refers to the heat evolved when one mole of the compound is burnt under standard conditions. This heat of combustion increases from methane upwards.
Since the heat of combustion of alkanes increases according to increasing molar mass, butane will produce more heat per gram when burned compared to propane.
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