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Answer:
a. the ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed of light in the material it is passing though
Explanation:
When a light ray enters from one medium to another, it bends. This is because the speed of light decreases as it enters a medium having more optical density. The speed of light is maximum in vacuum.
The refractive index determines the optical density of a medium. It is the ratio of the speed of light in the vacuum (c) to the speed of light in the material it is passing through (v).