The question requires us to explain the differences in radii of neutral atoms, cations and anions.
To answer this question, we need to keep in mind that a neutral atom presents the same number of protons (positive particles) and electrons (negative particles). Another important information is that the protons are located in the nucleus of the atom, while the electrons are around the nucleus. Also, there is an electrostatic force between protons and electrons, which means that they the protons tend to attract the electrons to the nucleus.
While a neutral atom presents the same number of protons and electrons, a cation is an ion with positive charge, which means it has lost one or more electrons. In a cation, the balance between protons and electrons doesn't exist anymore: now, there is more positive than negative charge (more protons than electrons), and the overall attractive force that the protons have for the electrons is increased. As a result, the electrons stay closer to the nucleus and the radius of a cation is smaller than the neutral atom from which it was derived.
On the other side, anions present negative charge, which means they have received electrons. Similarly to cations, the balance between protons and electrons doesn't exist anymore, but in this case, there are more electrons than protons. In an anion, the overall attractive force that the protons have for the electrons is decreased. As a result, the electrons are "more free" to move and, as they are not so attracted to the nucleus, they tend to stay farther from the positive nucleus compared to the neutral atom - because of this, the radius of an anion is larger than the neutral atom from which it was derived.
Answer : The correct answer for change in freezing point = 1.69 ° C
Freezing point depression :
It is defined as depression in freezing point of solvent when volatile or non volatile solute is added .
SO when any solute is added freezing point of solution is less than freezing point of pure solvent . This depression in freezing point is directly proportional to molal concentration of solute .
It can be expressed as :
ΔTf = Freezing point of pure solvent - freezing point of solution = i* kf * m
Where : ΔTf = change in freezing point (°C)
i = Von't Hoff factor
kf =molal freezing point depression constant of solvent.
m = molality of solute (m or 
)
Given : kf = 1.86 
m = 0.907 )
Von't Hoff factor for non volatile solute is always = 1 .Since the sugar is non volatile solute , so i = 1
Plugging value in expression :
ΔTf = 1* 1.86 * 0.907 )
ΔTf = 1.69 ° C
Hence change in freezing point = 1.69 °C
Answer:
The answer is D
Explanation:
Although natural processes continually form fossil fuels, such fuels are generally classified as non-renewable resources because they take millions of years to form and the known viable reserves are being depleted much faster than new ones are being made. ... The use of fossil fuels raises serious environmental concerns.
BRAINLIEST PLZ
Answer:
According to Kinetic Molecular Theory, an increase in temperature will increase the average kinetic energy of the molecules. As the particles move faster, they will likely hit the edge of the container more often. If the reaction is kept at constant pressure, they must stay farther apart, and an increase in volume will compensate for the increase in particle collision with the surface of the container.
Explanation:
