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Sound waves need to travel through a medium such as solids, liquids and gases. The sound waves move through each of these mediums by vibrating the molecules in the matter. The molecules in solids are packed very tightly. Liquids are not packed as tightly.Of the three mediums (gas, liquid, and solid) sound waves travel the slowest through gases, faster through liquids, and fastest through solids. Temperature also affects the speed of sound.Sound waves in air (and any fluid medium) are longitudinal waves because particles of the medium through which the sound is transported vibrate parallel to the direction that the sound wave moves. A vibrating string can create longitudinal waves as depicted in the animation below.
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Metals
1) Sodium : It is used in the formation of table salt i. e. sodium chloride.
2) Copper : It is used in the wires of electricity due to better conduction.
3) Silver : It is used in wires and for making jewelry.
4) Aurum: It is used for making jewelry.
Non metals
1) Chlorine : It is used in the production of sodium chloride salt which is used in foods.
2) Flourine : It is used in making toothpaste.
3) Hydrogen : It is used in the formation of acids.
4) Oxygen : It is widely used in the production of steel and plastic.
The intermolecular forces, such as hydrogen bonds or van der Waals attractions, which draw one molecule to its neighbors, govern a substance's physical properties. Due to the relatively weak intermolecular forces of attraction, molecular substances typically take the form of gases, liquids, or low melting point solids.
<h3>How do the intermolecular forces affect physical properties?</h3>
The forces that bind two molecules together are known as intermolecular forces. Intermolecular forces have an impact on physical properties. Strong and weak forces both exist; the stronger the force, the more energy is needed to separate the molecules from one another. As intermolecular forces increase melting, boiling, and freezing points rise.
The following intermolecular forces are listed in order of strength:
- Van der Waals dispersion forces
- Van der Waals dipole-dipole interactions
- Hydrogen bonding
- Ionic bonds
It would take very little energy to separate two molecules if they are connected by van der Waals dispersion forces. On the other hand, it requires a lot more energy to separate two molecules that are joined together by ionic bonds.
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Rubidium is a alkali metal.
