Explanation:
it is given that, the linear charge density of a charge, 
Firstly, we can define the electric field for a small element and then integrate for the whole. The very small electric field is given by :
..........(1)
The linear charge density is given by :


Integrating equation (1) from x = x₀ to x = infinity



Hence, this is the required solution.
<span>Melting of ice is an endothermic process, meaning that energy is absorbed. When ice spontaneously melts, ΔH (change in enthalpy) is "positive". ΔS (entropy change) is also positive, because, becoming a liquid, water molecules lose their fixed position in the ice crystal, and become more disorganized. ΔG (free energy of reaction) is negative when a reaction proceeds spontaneously, as it happens in this case. Ice spontaneously melts at temperatures higher than 0°C. However, liquid water also spontaneously freezes at temperatures below 0°C. Therefore the temperature is instrumental in determining which "melting" of ice, or "freezing" of water becomes spontaneous. The whole process is summarized in the Gibbs free energy equation:
ΔG = ΔH – TΔS</span>
Answer:(a)9.685 mm
(b)4.184 mm
Explanation:
Given
Wavelength of light 
Width of slit(b)=0.210
(a)Width of central maximum located 1.80m from slit


=9.685 mm
(b)Width of the first order bright fringe



A 3rd harmonic of a tube open at both ends will have displacement antinodes at both ends.
In a tube of length L with two open ends, the longest standing wave has displacement antinodes (pressure nodes) at both ends. The fundamental or first harmonic is what it is known as. The second harmonic is the longest standing wave in a tube of length L with two open ends.
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