Answer:
The tectonic style and viability of modern plate tectonics in the early Earth is still debated. Field observations and theoretical arguments both in favor and against the uniformitarian view of plate tectonics back until the Archean continue to accumulate. Here, we present the first numerical modeling results that address for a hotter Earth the viability of subduction, one of the main requirements for plate tectonics. A hotter mantle has mainly two effects: 1) viscosity is lower, and 2) more melt is produced, which in a plate tectonic setting will lead to a thicker oceanic crust and harzburgite layer. Although compositional buoyancy resulting from these thick crust and harzburgite might be a serious limitation for subduction initiation, our modeling results show that eclogitization significantly relaxes this limitation for a developed, ongoing subduction process. Furthermore, the lower viscosity leads to more frequent slab breakoff, and sometimes to crustal separation from the mantle lithosphere. Unlike earlier propositions, not compositional buoyancy considerations, but this lithospheric weakness could be the principle limitation to the viability of plate tectonics in a hotter Earth. These results suggest a new explanation for the absence of ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism (UHPM) and blueschists in most of the Precambrian: early slabs were not too buoyant, but too weak to provide a mechanism for UHPM and exhumation.
Explanation:
Which components make up bronfenbrenner's ecological theory?
Bronfenbrenner divided the person's environment into five different systems:
- microsystem
- mesosystem
- exosystem
- macrosystem
- chronosystem.
What is bronfenbrenner's ecological theory?
- Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory views child development as a complex system of relationships affected by multiple levels of the surrounding environment, from immediate settings of family and school to broad cultural values, laws, and customs.
- To study a child's development then, we must look not only at the child and her immediate environment, but also at the interaction of the larger environment as well.
- The microsystem is the most influential level of the ecological systems theory.
- This is the most immediate environmental settings containing the developing child, such as family and school.
- Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory has implications for educational practice.
To know more about bronfenbrenner's ecological theory, refer:
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The answer is 0.492 because there are 100 meters in a hectometer, and 49.2/100 is 0.492
The solubility of solid substances generally increase as temperature increases. The solubility of gaseous substances generally decrease as temperature increases.
