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zysi [14]
3 years ago
14

An astronaut finds herself in a predicament in which she has become untethered from her shuttle. She figures that she could get

back to her shuttle by throwing one of three objects she possesses in the opposite direction of the shuttle. The masses of the objects are 5.3 kg, 7.9 kg, and 10.5 kg, respectively. She is able to throw the first object with a speed of 15.00 m/s, the second with a speed of 11.2 m/s, and the third with a speed of 7.0 m/s. If the mass of the astronaut and her remaining gear is 75.0 kg, determine the final speed of the astronaut with respect to the shuttle if she were to throw each object successively, starting with the least massive and ending with the most massive. Assume that the speeds described are those measured in the rest frame of the astronaut.
Physics
1 answer:
Blizzard [7]3 years ago
7 0

In order to solve the problem, it is necessary to apply the concepts related to the conservation of momentum, especially when there is an impact or the throwing of an object.

The equation that defines the linear moment is given by

mV_i = (m-m_O)V_f - m_OV_O

where,

m=Total mass

m_O = Mass of Object

V_i = Velocity before throwing

V_f = Final Velocity

V_O = Velocity of Object

Our values are:

m_1=5.3kgm_2=7.9kg\\m_3=10.5kg\\m_A=75kg\\m_{Total}=m=98.7Kg

Solving to find the final speed, after throwing the object we have

V_f=\frac{mV_0+m_TV_O}{m-m_O}

We have three objects. For each object a launch is made so the final mass (denominator) will begin to be subtracted successively. In addition, during each new launch the initial speed will be given for each object thrown again.

That way during each section the equations should be modified depending on the previous one, let's start:

A) 5.3Kg\rightarrow 15m/s

V_{f1}=\frac{mV_0+m_TV_O}{m-m_O}

V_{f1}=\frac{(98.7)*0+5.3*15}{98.7-5.3}

V_{f1}=0.8511m/s

B) 7.9Kg\rightarrow 11.2m/s

V_{f2}=\frac{mV_{f1}+m_TV_O}{m-m_O}

V_{f2}=\frac{(98.7)(0.8511)+(7.9)(11.2)}{98.7-5.3-7.9}

V_{f2} = 2.0173m/s

C) 10.5Kg\rightarrow 7m/s

V_{f3}=\frac{mV_{f2}+m_TV_O}{m-m_O}

V_{f3}=\frac{(98.7)(2.0173)+(10.5)(7)}{98.7-5.3-7.9-10.5}

V_{f3} = 3.63478m/s

Therefore the final velocity of astronaut is 3.63m/s

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An electric air heater consists of a horizontal array of thin metal strips that are each 10 mm long in the direction of an airst
sweet-ann [11.9K]

Answer:

see explanation below

Explanation:

Given that,

T_1 = 500°C

T_2 = 25°C

d = 0.2m

L = 10mm = 0.01m

U₀ = 2m/s

Calculate average temperature

\\T_{avg} = \frac{T_1 + T_2}{2} \\\\T_{avg} = \frac{500 + 25}{2} \\\\T_{avg} = 262.5

262.5 + 273

= 535.5K

From properties of air table A-4 corresponding to T_{avg} = 535.5K \approx 550K

k = 43.9 × 10⁻³W/m.k

v = 47.57 × 10⁻⁶ m²/s

P_r = 0.63

A)

Number for the first strips is equal to

R_e_x = \frac{u_o.L}{v}

R_e_x = \frac{2\times 0.01}{47.57 \times 10^-^6 }\\\\= 420.4

Calculating heat transfer coefficient from the first strip

h_1 = \frac{k}{L} \times 0.664 \times R_e_x^1^/^2 \times P_r^1^/^3

h_1 = \frac{43.9 \times 10^-^3}{0.01} \times 0.664\times420 \times 4^1^/^2 \times 0.683^1^/^3\\\\= 52.6W/km^2

The rate of convection heat transfer from the first strip is

q_1 = h_1\times(L\times d)\times(T_1 - T_2)\\\\q_1 = 52.6 \times (0.01\times0.2)\times(500-25)\\\\q_1 = 50W

The rate of convection heat transfer from the fifth trip is equal to

q_5 = (5 \times h_o_-_5-4\times h_o_-_4) \times(L\times d)\times (T_1 -T_2)

h_o_-_5 = \frac{k}{5L} \times 0.664 \times (\frac{u_o\times 5L}{v} )^1^/^2\times Pr^1^/^3\\\\= \frac{43.9\times10^-^3}{0.05} \times0.664\times (\frac{2 \times 0.05}{47.57 \times 10^-^6} )^1^/^2\times 0.683^1^/^3\\\\= 25.5W/Km^2

Calculating h_o_-_4

h_o_-_4 = \frac{k}{4L} \times 0.664 \times (\frac{u_o\times 4L}{v } )^1^/^2\times Pr^1^/^3\\\\= \frac{43.9\times10^-^3}{0.04} \times0.664\times (\frac{2 \times 0.04}{47.57 \times 10^-^6} )^1^/^2\times 0.683^1^/^3\\\\= 26.3W/Km^2

The rate of convection heat transfer from the tenth strip is

q_1_0 = (10 \times h_o_-_1_0-9\times h_o_-_9) \times(L\times d)\times (T_1 -T_2)

h_o_-_1_0 = \frac{k}{10L} \times 0.664 \times (\frac{u_o\times 10L}{v } )^1^/^2\times Pr^1^/^3\\\\= \frac{43.9\times10^-^3}{0.1} \times0.664\times (\frac{2 \times 0.1}{47.57 \times 10^-^6} )^1^/^2\times 0.683^1^/^3\\\\= 16.6W/Km^2

Calculating

h_o_-_9 = \frac{k}{9L} \times 0.664 \times (\frac{u_o\times 9L}{v } )^1^/^2\times Pr^1^/^3\\\\= \frac{43.9\times10^-^3}{0.09} \times0.664\times (\frac{2 \times 0.09}{47.57 \times 10^-^6} )^1^/^2\times 0.683^1^/^3\\\\= 17.5W/Km^2

Calculating the rate of convection heat transfer from the tenth strip

q_1_0 = (10 \times h_o_-_1_0-9\times h_o_-_9) \times(L\times d)\times (T_1 -T_2)\\\\q_1_0 = (10 \times 16.6 -9\times 17.5) \times(0.01\times 0.2)\times (500 -25)\\\\=8.1W

The rate of convection heat transfer from 25th strip is equal to

q_2_5 = (25 \times h_o_-_2_5-24\times h_o_-_2_4) \times(L\times d)\times (T_1 -T_2)

Calculating h_o_-_2_5

h_o_-_2_5 = \frac{k}{25L} \times 0.664 \times (\frac{u_o\times 25L}{v } )^1^/^2\times Pr^1^/^3\\\\= \frac{43.9\times10^-^3}{0.25} \times0.664\times (\frac{2 \times 0.25}{47.57 \times 10^-^6} )^1^/^2\times 0.683^1^/^3\\\\= 10.5W/Km^2

Calculating h_o_-_2_4

h_o_-_2_4 = \frac{k}{24L} \times 0.664 \times (\frac{u_o\times 24L}{v } )^1^/^2\times Pr^1^/^3\\\\= \frac{43.9\times10^-^3}{0.24} \times0.664\times (\frac{2 \times 0.24}{47.57 \times 10^-^6} )^1^/^2\times 0.683^1^/^3\\\\= 10.7W/Km^2

Calculating the rate of convection heat transfer from the tenth strip

q_2_5 = (25 \times h_o_-_2_5-24\times h_o_-_2_4) \times(L\times d)\times (T_1 -T_2)\\\\q_1_0 = (25 \times 10.5 -24\times 10.7) \times(0.01\times 0.2)\times (500 -25)\\\\=5.4W

6 0
3 years ago
A box falls off of a tailgate and slides along the street for a distance of 62.5 m. Friction slows the box at –5.0 m/s2. At what
Mila [183]

Answer:

25 m/s

Explanation:

This question can be solved using equation of motion

v^2 = u^2 + 2as

where

v is the final velocity

u is the initial velocity

s is the distance covered while moving from initial to final velocity

a is the acceleration

_____________________________________________

Given

box moved for distance of 62.5 m

Friction slows the box at –5.0 m/s2----> this statement means that there is deceleration , speed of truck decreases by 5 m/s in every second until the box comes to rest. Friction causes this deceleration.

thus in this problem

a = -5.0 m/s2

V = 0   as body came to rest due to friction deceleration

u the initial velocity we have to find

the initial velocity of box will be the same as speed of truck, as the box was in the truck and hence box will pick the speed of truck.

so if we find speed of box, we will be able get sped of truck as well.

using equation of motion

v^2 = u^2 + 2as\\0^2 = u^2 + 2*-5* 62.5\\0 = u^2 - 625\\u^2 = 625\\\sqrt{u^2} = \sqrt{625} \\u = 25

Thus, initial speed with the truck was travelling was 25 m/s.

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umka2103 [35]

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Explanation:

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You look down an old well, cannot see the bottom, and mutter to yourself "Oh well!". In order to estimate the depth of the well,
telo118 [61]

Answer:

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Explanation:

Given that,

Record time,

t_{1}=2.19\ sec

t_{2}=2.30\ sec

t_{3}=2.26\ sec

t_{4}=2.29\ sec

t_{5}=2.27\ sec

We need to find the best estimate of the depth of the well

According to record time,

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t_{1}=2.19\approx 2.2\ sec

t_{2}=2.30\approx 2.3\ sec

t_{3}=2.26\approx 2.3\ sec

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t_{5}=2.27\approx 2.3\ sec

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