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abruzzese [7]
2 years ago
12

28. Describe the molecular geometry and hybridization of the N, P, or S atoms in each of the following compounds. (a) H3PO4, pho

sphoric acid, used in cola soft drinks (b) NH4NO3, ammonium nitrate, a fertilizer and explosive (c) S2Cl2, disulfur dichloride, used in vulcanizing rubber (d) K4[O3POPO3], potassium pyrophosphate, an ingredient in some toothpastes
Chemistry
1 answer:
Whitepunk [10]2 years ago
8 0

Answer:

See explanation

Explanation:

The molecular geometry of an atom is connected to the number of electron pairs that surround it(whether lone pairs or bonding pairs) as well as its hybridization state. We shall now examine the N, P, or S atoms in each of the following compounds.

a)

In H3PO4, P has a tetrahedral molecular geometry and is sp3 hybridized.

b) In NH4NO3

N is sp3 hybridized in NH4^+ and sp2 hybridized in NO3^-. Also, N is tetrahedral in NH4^+ but trigonal planar in NO3^-.

c) In S2Cl2, we expect a tetrahedral geometry but as a result of the presence of two lone pairs on each sulphur atom, the molecular geometry is bent. The sulphur is sp3 hybridized.

d) In K4[O3POPO3], each phosphorus atom is in a tetrahedral molecular geometry and is sp3 hybridized.

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Cars run on gasoline, where octane (C8H18) is the principle component. This combustion reaction is responsible for generating en
Bezzdna [24]

Answer:

  • 10.19 g CO₂
  • 4.69 g H₂O

Explanation:

The combustion reaction of Octane is:

  • C₈H₁₈ → 8CO₂ + 9H₂O

To calculate the mass of CO₂ and H₂O produced, we need to know the mass of octane combusted.

We calculate the mass of Octane from the given volume and density, using the following <em>conversion factors</em>:

  • 1 gallon = 3.785 L
  • 1 L = 1000 mL

Now we<u> convert 1.24 gallons to mL</u>:

  • 1.24 gallon * \frac{3.785L}{1gallon} *\frac{1000mL}{1L} = 4693.4 mL

We <u>calculate the mass of Octane</u>:

  • 4693.4 mL * 0.703 g/mL = 3.30 g Octane

Now we use the <em>stoichiometric ratios</em> and <em>molecular weights</em> to <u>calculate the mass of CO₂ and H₂O</u>:

  • CO₂ ⇒ 3.30 g Octane ÷ 114g/mol * \frac{8molCO_{2}}{1molOctane} * 44 g/mol =  10.19 g CO₂
  • H₂O ⇒ 3.30 g Octane ÷ 114g/mol * \frac{9molH_{2}O}{1molOctane} * 18 g/mol = 4.69 g H₂O

7 0
3 years ago
H2CO3(aq) + H200 H30 (aq) + HCO3 (aq).
timofeeve [1]

Answer:

K_a=\frac{[H_3O^+][HCO_3^-]}{[H_2CO_3]}

Explanation:

Several rules should be followed to write any equilibrium expression properly. In the context of this problem, we're dealing with an aqueous equilibrium:

  • an equilibrium constant is, first of all, a fraction;
  • in the numerator of the fraction, we have a product of the concentrations of our products (right-hand side of the equation);
  • in the denominator of the fraction, we have a product of the concentrations of our reactants (left-hand side o the equation);
  • each concentration should be raised to the power of the coefficient in the balanced chemical equation;
  • only aqueous species and gases are included in the equilibrium constant, solids and liquids are omitted.

Following the guidelines, we will omit liquid water and we will include all the other species in the constant. Each coefficient in the balanced equation is '1', so no powers required. Multiply the concentrations of the two products and divide by the concentration of carbonic acid:

K_a=\frac{[H_3O^+][HCO_3^-]}{[H_2CO_3]}

4 0
3 years ago
Calculate the number of moles in the following: 2.8 X 10^24 atoms of Cl2
vova2212 [387]

Answer:

<h3>The answer is 4.65 moles</h3>

Explanation:

To find the number of moles given it's number of entities we use the formula

n =  \frac{N}{L} \\

where n is the number of moles

N is the number of entities

L is the Avogadro's constant which is

6.02 × 10²³ entities

From the question

N = 2.8 × 10²⁴ atoms of Cl2

So we have

n =  \frac{2.8 \times  {10}^{24} }{6.02 \times  {10}^{23}  }  \\  = 4.65116279069...

We have the final answer as

<h3>4.65 moles</h3>

Hope this helps you

7 0
3 years ago
What does the law of conservation of energy impy
Rasek [7]
The law of conservation of energy is that energy cannot be created or destroyed, but it can be transferred or transformed from one form to another (including transformation into or from mass, as matter). The total amount of energy in a closed system never changes. energy in a system may be transformed so that it resides in a different state.
6 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
Arrange the compounds by their reactivity toward electrophilic aromatic substitution.
swat32

Answer:

The order of reactivity towards electrophilic susbtitution is shown below:

a. anisole > ethylbenzene>benzene>chlorobenzene>nitrobenzene

b. p-cresol>p-xylene>toluene>benzene

c.Phenol>propylbenzene>benzene>benzoic acid

d.p-chloromethylbenzene>p-methylnitrobenzene> 2-chloro-1-methyl-4-nitrobenzene> 1-methyl-2,4-dinitrobenzene

Explanation:

Electron donating groups favor the electrophilic substitution reactions at ortho and para positions of the benzene ring.

For example: -OH, -OCH3, -NH2, Alkyl groups favor electrophilic aromatic substitution in benzene.

The -I (negative inductive effect) groups, electron-withdrawing groups deactivate the benzene ring towards electrophilic aromatic substitution.

Examples: -NO2, -SO3H, halide groups, Carboxylic acid groups, carbonyl gropus.

4 0
2 years ago
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