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Nicotine, a component of tobacco, is composed of C, H, and N. A 7.875-mg sample of nicotine was combusted, producing 21.363 mg o

Gnom [1K]

Answer: The empirical formula for the given compound is $C_5H_7N$

Explanation:

The chemical equation for the combustion of compound having carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen follows:

$C_xH_yN_z+O_2\rightarrow CO_2+H_2O$

where, 'x', 'y' and 'z' are the subscripts of carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen respectively.

We are given:

Mass of $CO_2=21.363mg=21.363\times 10^3g=21363g$

Mass of $H_2O=6.125g=6.125\times 10^3g=6125g$

We know that:

Molar mass of carbon dioxide = 44 g/mol

Molar mass of water = 18 g/mol

For calculating the mass of carbon:

In 44 g of carbon dioxide, 12 g of carbon is contained.

So, in 21363 g of carbon dioxide, $\frac{12}{44}\times 21363=5826.27g$ of carbon will be contained.

For calculating the mass of hydrogen:

In 18 g of water, 2 g of hydrogen is contained.

So, in 6125 g of water, $\frac{2}{18}\times 6125=680.55$ of hydrogen will be contained.

Now we have to calculate the mass of nitrogen.

Mass of nitrogen in the compound = (7875) - (5826.27 + 680.55) = 1368.18 g

To formulate the empirical formula, we need to follow some steps:

Step 1: Converting the given masses into moles.

Moles of Carbon = $\frac{\text{Given mass of Carbon}}{\text{Molar mass of Carbon}}=\frac{5826.27g}{12g/mole}=485.52moles$

Moles of Hydrogen = $\frac{\text{Given mass of Hydrogen}}{\text{Molar mass of Hydrogen}}=\frac{680.55g}{1g/mole}=680.55moles$

Moles of Nitrogen = $\frac{\text{Given mass of nitrogen}}{\text{Molar mass of nitrogen}}=\frac{1368.18g}{14g/mole}=97.73moles$

Step 2: Calculating the mole ratio of the given elements.

For the mole ratio, we divide each value of the moles by the smallest number of moles calculated which is 0.0154 moles.

For Carbon = $\frac{485.52}{97.73}=4.96\approx 5$

For Hydrogen = $\frac{680.55}{97.73}=6.96\approx 7$

For Nitrogen = $\frac{97.73}{97.73}=1$

Step 3: Taking the mole ratio as their subscripts.

The ratio of C : H : N = 5 : 7 : 1

Hence, the empirical formula for the given compound nicotine is $C_5H_7N_1=C_5H_7N$

7 0

2 years ago

Why are covalent bonds between hydrogen and nitrogen or oxygen polar?

yaroslaw [1]

Answer:

The answer to your question is below

Explanation:

Covalent bonds are bonds between to atoms that share a pair of electrons, there are three kinds of covalent bonds but I'll describe only two:

Covalent non polar bond: is a covalent bond between two elements of the same element. Ex two hydrogens, two chlorine, two oxygenes, etc.

Covalent polar bond: is a covalent bond between 2 elements of different elements, for example: hydrogen and chlorine or nitrogen, they are polar because on of the element that form it is smaller than the other one, then a partial positive and a partial negative charge is formed.

6 0

2 years ago

What is the name of the group 8 elements and what makes them special?

Illusion [34]

Iron, Ruthenium, Osmium, and Hassium.

They're transition metals

8 0

2 years ago

Which is the smallest particle into which water (H2O) in a glass can be broken down and still remain water? A. a water molecule

Gnesinka [82]

Answer:-

A. A water molecule

Explanation:-

A molecule is the smallest particle of a compound that retains all it's chemical properties.

Here H2O is a compound. So the smallest particle that will retain all the chemical properties and still remain water is water molecule.

Atoms Hydrogen and Oxygen both have different chemical properties from water H2O and are thus different.

Hydrogen peroxide is different molecule from water. So it is also not water.

6 0

2 years ago

Read 2 more answers

what is the most appropriate unit to measure the following; the length of a football field. b) the diameter of a tennis ball

hjlf

Explanation:

a) m (metre)

b) mm (millimeter)

6 0

2 years ago