Answer:
a) I = -1360 N s b) = -3.3 m / s
Explanation:
a) The expression of the impulse is
I = F t = Δp
The force applied by the rail is in the opposite direction to the movement, so it is negative
I = -3400 0.400
I = -1360 N s
b) We use the momentum relationship with the moment
I = ΔP
I = m - mv₀
= (I + m v₀) / m
= (-1360 + 200 3.5) / 200
= -3.3 m / s
The key to solve this problem is the conservation of momentum. The momentum of an object is defined as the product between the mass and the velocity, and it's usually labelled with the letter :
The total momentum is the sum of the momentums. The initial situation is the following:
(it's not written explicitly, but I assume that the 5-kg object is still at the beginning).
So, at the beginning, the total momentum is
At the end, we have
(the mass obviously don't change, the new velocity of the 15-kg object is 1, and the velocity of the 5-kg object is unkown)
After the impact, the total momentum is
Since the momentum is preserved, the initial and final momentum must be the same. Set an equation between the initial and final momentum and solve it for , and you'll have the final velocity of the 5-kg object.