I think it is difficult to determine what has caused climate change in the distant past because it must have been a long time ago so geologists can't carry out different experiments and figure out what gases the planet had conjured, so geologists can only make predictions based off the evidence they currently have from what the planet looked like before. The planet must have changed over the years, therefore the climate has also changed in the future, so they cannot work with how the planet looked in the past.
The speed and distances are directly proportional. Use ratios to solve for vertical y-distance. The ratio of x-distance west to y-distance north equals the x-velocity to y-velocity.
x/y = vx/vy 41/y = 8.6/5.2 41/y = 1.65 41/1.65 = y 24.8 m = y
