An oxidizing agent, or oxidant, gains electrons and is reduced in a chemical reaction. Also known as the electron acceptor, the oxidizing agent is normally in one of its higher possible oxidation states because it will gain electrons and be reducedExamples of oxidizing agents include halogens, potassium nitrate, and nitric acid. A reducing agent, or reductant, loses electrons and is oxidized in a chemical reaction. A reducing agent is typically in one of its lower possible oxidation states, and is known as the electron donor.
Answer:
Coke, coal gas, gas carbon, ammonia liquor, and coal oil
Answer:
Option 4. There's no hydrogen bonding between HBr molecules at all.
Explanation:
<h3>SiH₄</h3>
SiH₄ molecules are tetrahedral and symmetric. Dipoles due to the polar Si-H bonds balance each other. SiH₄ molecules are nonpolar. Only instantaneous dipoles are possible between those molecules.
<h3>C₆H₆ Benzene</h3>
Similar to SiH₄, benzene is symmetric. Dipoles due to the weakly polar C-H bonds balance each other. Benzene molecules are nonpolar. Only instantaneous dipoles are possible between those molecules.
<h3>NH₃</h3>
There are two conditions for hydrogen bonding to take place:
- H atoms are directly bonded to a highly electronegative element: Nitrogen, Oxygen, or Fluorine.
- There is at least one lone pair of electrons nearby.
Consider the Lewis structure of NH₃. There are three H atoms in each NH₃ molecule. Each of the three H atoms is bonded directly to the N atom with a highly polar N-H bond. Also, there is a lone pair of electrons on the N atom. Hydrogen bonding will take place between NH₃ molecules.
NH₃ is a relatively small molecule. As a result, hydrogen bonding will be the dominant type of intermolecular force between NH₃ molecules.
<h3>HBr</h3>
There are three lone pairs on the Br atom in each HBr molecule. However, no H atom is connected to any one of the three highly electronegative elements: N, O, or F. The Br atom isn't electronegative enough for the H atom to form hydrogen bonding. HBr molecules are polar. As a result, the dominant type of intermolecular forces between HBr molecules will be dipole-dipole interactions (A.k.a. permanent dipole.)
<h3>CaO</h3>
Calcium is a group 2 metal. Oxygen is one of the three most electronegative nonmetal. (Again, the most electronegative elements are: Nitrogen, Oxygen, and Fluorine.) As a main group metal, Ca atoms tend to lose electrons and form positive ions. Oxygen will gain those electrons to form a negative ion. As a result, CaO will be an ionic compound full of Ca²⁺ and O²⁻ ions. Forces between ions with opposite charges are called ionic bonds.
Answer:
3.25×10²⁴ molecules.
Explanation:
From the question given above, the following data were obtained:
Number of mole of CO₂ = 5.4 moles
Number of molecules of CO₂ =?
The number of molecules of CO₂ in 5.4 moles can be obtained as follow:
From Avogadro's hypothesis,
1 mole of CO₂ = 6.02×10²³ molecules
Therefore,
5.4 moles of CO₂ = 5.4 × 6.02×10²³
5.4 moles of CO₂ = 3.25×10²⁴ molecules
Thus, 5.4 moles of CO₂ contains 3.25×10²⁴ molecules.
