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2 years ago

Why is logging done during drilling?

Engineering

1 answer:

Solnce55 [7]2 years ago

8 0

Answer:

Logging while drilling (LWD) is a technique of conveying well logging tools into the well borehole downhole as part of the bottom hole assembly (BHA). ... In these situations, the LWD measurement ensures that some measurement of the subsurface is captured in the event that wireline operations are not possible

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Water at atmospheric pressure boils on the surface of a large horizontal copper tube. The heat flux is 90% of the critical value

masya89 [10]

Answer:

The tube surface temperature immediately after installation is 120.4°C and after prolonged service is 110.8°C

Explanation:

The properties of water at 100°C and 1 atm are:

pL = 957.9 kg/m³

pV = 0.596 kg/m³

ΔHL = 2257 kJ/kg

CpL = 4.217 kJ/kg K

uL = 279x10⁻⁶Ns/m²

KL = 0.68 W/m K

σ = 58.9x10³N/m

When the water boils on the surface its heat flux is:

$q=0.149h_{fg} \rho _{v} (\frac{\sigma (\rho _{L}-\rho _{v})}{\rho _{v}^{2} } )^{1/4} =0.149*2257*0.596*(\frac{58.9x10^{-3}*(957.9-0.596) }{0.596^{2} } )^{1/4} =18703.42W/m^{2}$

For copper-water, the properties are:

Cfg = 0.0128

The heat flux is:

qn = 0.9 * 18703.42 = 16833.078 W/m²

$q_{n} =uK(\frac{g(\rho_{L}-\rho _{v}) }{\sigma })^{1/2} (\frac{c_{pL}*deltaT }{c_{fg}h_{fg}Pr } \\16833.078=279x10^{-6} *2257x10^{3} (\frac{9.8*(957.9-0.596)}{0.596} )^{1/2} *(\frac{4.127x10^{3}*delta-T }{0.0128*2257x10^{3}*1.76 } )^{3} \\delta-T=20.4$

The tube surface temperature immediately after installation is:

Tinst = 100 + 20.4 = 120.4°C

For rough surfaces, Cfg = 0.0068. Using the same equation:

ΔT = 10.8°C

The tube surface temperature after prolonged service is:

Tprolo = 100 + 10.8 = 110.8°C

8 0

3 years ago

A road has a crest curve, where the PVI station is a 71 35. The road transitions from a 2.1% grade to a -3.4% grade. The highest

sveticcg [70]

Answer:

Stat PVC = Stat(82+98.5)

Stat PVT = Stat(59+71.5)

Explanation

PVI = 71 + 35

Let G1 = Grade 1; G2 = Grade 2

G1 = +2.1% ; G2 = -3.4%

Highest point of curve at station = 74 + 10

General equation of a curve:

$y = ax^{2} +bx+c\\dy/dx=2ax+b\\$

At highest point of the curve $dy/dx=o$

$2ax+b=0\\x=-b/2a\\x=G1L/(G2-G1)\\x=L/2 +(stat 74+10)-(stat 71+35)\\x=L/2 + 275$

$-G1L/(G2-G1) = (L/2 + 275)/100\\L = -2327 ft\\Station PVC = Stat(71+35)+(-2327/2)\\\\Stat PVC = 7135-1163.5\\Stat PVC = Stat(82+98.5)\\$

Station PVT

$Station PVT = Stat PVI + (L/2)\\Station PVT = Stat(71+35)+(-2327/2)\\Station PVT = 7135-1163.5\\Stat PVT = Stat(59+71.5)$

3 0

3 years ago

Explain two ways that anthropometric data could be useful when designing a tennis racket.

12345 [234]

Answer:

I hope it helps :)

Explanation:

It is useful to measure Height and Arm Span in tennis players. Body fat can be measured using the skinfold method. If this is not available, monitoring body weight changes would give an indication of body fat changes, assuming no

3 0

3 years ago

What are things that need to be considered with respect to the environment when design and construction is occurring?

Law Incorporation [45]

Answer:

If you are destroying the environment or habitats or trees. Also if people live nearby. Also if its legal.

Explanation:

8 0

2 years ago

What is a semiconductor whose electrical properties are based on the electronic structure inherent in the pure materials? MATSE

OleMash [197]

Answer:

intrinsic semiconductors

Explanation:

An intrinsic semiconductor is also known as a pure conductor. In such a semiconductor there are no impurities, that is why it is said to be pure.

It has some of these properties:

1. Electrical conductivity is only based on temperature

2. The quantity of electrons is the same as the number of holes in the valence bond

3. Electrical conductivity is not on the high side

4. These materials exist in their pure forms.

6 0

3 years ago