Answer:
Explanation:
From the question we are told that:
Plane strain fracture toughness of
Y value
Stress level of
Generally the equation for length of a surface crack is mathematically given by
Therefore
in mm
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Answer and explanation:
The graphical representation of the electronic eye
The state table showing
the present state
input
Next state and
the output
are shown in the attached file
Solution :
Methods for selling pressure of a distillation column :
a). Set, the overhead stream using cooling water.
(minimum of approximate 45°C condenser temperature)
b). Set, of bottom product that avoids decomposition or reaction.
c). Set, not utility for reboiler.
Running the distillation column above the ambient pressure because :
The components to be distilled have very high vapor pressures and the temperature at which they can be condensed at or below the ambient pressure.
Run the reactor at an evaluated temperature because :
a). The rate of reaction is taster. This results in a small reactor or high phase conversion.
b). The reaction is endothermic and equilibrium limited increasing the temperature shifts the equilibrium to the right.
Run the reaction at an evaluated pressure because :
The reaction is gas phase and the concentration and hence the rate is increased as the pressure is increased. This results in a smaller reactor and /or higher reactor conversion.
The reaction is equilibrium limited and there are few products moles than react moles. As increase in pressure shifts the equilibrium to the right.