Independent variable in your own words
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The heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1500 g of aluminium pot by 100°C is 135 kJ.
The heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1500 g of copper pot by 100 °C is 57.75 kJ.
Explanation:
The heat energy required to raise the temperature of any body can be obtained from the specific heat formula. As this formula states that the heat energy required to raise the temperature of the body is directly proportional to the product of mass of the body, specific heat capacity of the material and temperature change experienced by the material.
So in this problem, the mass of the aluminium is given as m = 1500 g, the specific heat of the aluminium is 0.900 J/g °C. Then as it is stated that the temperature is raised by 100 °C, so the pots are heat to increase by 100 °C from its initial temperature. This means the difference in temperature will be 100°C (ΔT = 100°C).
Then, the heat energy required to raise the temperature will be
Thus, the heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1500 g of aluminium pot by 100 °C is 135 kJ.
Similarly, the mass of copper pot is given as 1500 g, the specific heat capacity of copper is 0.385 and the difference in temperature is 100 °C.
Then, the heat energy required to raise its temperature will be
And the heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1500 g of copper pot by 100°C is 57.75 kJ.
So, the heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1500 g of aluminium pot by 100°C is 135 kJ. And the heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1500 g of copper pot by 100 °C is 57.75 kJ.
Carbon dioxide has a total of 16 valence electrons.
1. To determine the number of valence electrons of carbon dioxide (CO2), first determine the number of valence electrons of each of the elements in the molecule.
a. We have 1 carbon (C) molecule, and 2 oxygen (O) molecules.
b. The carbon molecule has 4 valence electrons and each oxygen molecule has 6 oxygen molecules.
2. Add up the valence electrons of each of the elements
4 + (2 x 6) = 16
(from C) (2 oxygen molecules, with 6 valence electrons each)
Thus, CO2 has a total of 16 valence electrons.
The number of valence electrons can be more clearly seen from the Lewis structure of the CO2 in the figure below (Source: http://chemistry.tutorvista.com/inorganic-chemistry/bonding-electrons.html). The the dots surrounding the letters represent the valence electrons.
1. To determine the number of valence electrons of carbon dioxide (CO2), first determine the number of valence electrons of each of the elements in the molecule.
a. We have 1 carbon (C) molecule, and 2 oxygen (O) molecules.
b. The carbon molecule has 4 valence electrons and each oxygen molecule has 6 oxygen molecules.
2. Add up the valence electrons of each of the elements
4 + (2 x 6) = 16
(from C) (2 oxygen molecules, with 6 valence electrons each)
Thus, CO2 has a total of 16 valence electrons.
The number of valence electrons can be more clearly seen from the Lewis structure of the CO2 in the figure below (Source: http://chemistry.tutorvista.com/inorganic-chemistry/bonding-electrons.html). The the dots surrounding the letters represent the valence electrons.