Answer:
The proton gradient produced by proton pumping during the electron transport chain is used to synthesize ATP. Protons flow down their concentration gradient into the matrix through the membrane protein ATP synthase, causing it to spin (like a water wheel) and catalyze conversion of ADP to ATP.
Explanation:
Answer:
<h3>Salinity is the saltiness or amount of salt dissolved in a body of water, called saline water. It is usually measured in g/L or g/kg. </h3>
Answer:
e. all of these
Explanation:
The fatigue strength is improved by then high alloy steels , high yield steels , high hardened steel , high ultimate steel .
Due to the formation of the improved materials in alloy steels will increase the fatigue strength . Similarly for a high yield steels and hardened steels these cycles to failure will improve .
The answer would be 'First rocks formed on Earth'.
