1. A train engine pulls the boxcars. What are the horizontal forces present?(1 point)
1 answer:
Force is the influence that is capable of bringing about motion
The correct options are;
1. C. The pull of the engine, friction force
2. A. Weight, push of the tracks against the wheel
3. D. The astronaut weighs the most on Earth and least on the Moon
4. Please see attached drawing for example
5. Please see attached drawing for example
6. The data points will fall along a line this that as the force increases, the acceleration increases
Reason:
1. The horizontal forces are the forces acting along the horizontal x-axis, therefore;
A train engine pulling a boxcar what horizontal forces are;
C. The pull of the engine, friction force
2. The vertical forces are the forces acting an the direction of the y-axis of a graph
The vertical forces present when a train pulls a boxcar are;
A. Weight, push of the tracks against the wheel
3. The weight of an astronaut, W = mass × Gravity
- Therefore, the weight increases with increasing acceleration due to gravity
Therefore, the least weight is on the moon, where acceleration due to gravity is 1.6 m/s², and most on Earth where the acceleration due to gravity is approximately 9.81 m/s²
- The correct option is D. The astronaut weighs the most on Earth and least on the Moon
4. The magnitude of the downward force is the sum of the vertical forces acting downwards
5. The net force is given by the vector sum of the forces
6. According to Newton's second law, Force, F = Mass, m × Acceleration, a
- Therefore, where the students conduct the experiments rightly, we have that the data points will fall along a line this that as the force increases, the acceleration increases
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Answer:
The centripetal force will be 1/2 as big as it was. (option c)
Explanation:
Recall that centripetal force () is defined as:
where "v" is the tangential velocity of the object in circular motion, "r" is the radius of rotation and "m" is the object's mass.
So if we start with such formula with a given mass, radius, and tangential velocity, and then we move to a situation where everything stays the same except for the radius which doubles, then the new centripetal force () will be given by:
and this is half (1/2) of the original force:
which is expressed by option "c" of the provided list.
(a) Zero
When the ball reaches its highest point, the direction of motion of the ball reverses (from upward to downward). This means that the velocity is changing sign: this also means that at that moment, the velocity must be zero.
This can be also understood in terms of conservation of energy: when the ball is tossed up, initially it has kinetic energy
where m is the ball's mass and v is the initial speed. As it goes up, this kinetic energy is converted into potential energy, and when the ball reaches the highest point, all the kinetic energy has been converted into potential energy:
where g is the gravitational acceleration and h is the height of the ball at highest point. At that point, therefore, the potential energy is maximum, while the kinetic energy is zero, and so the velocity is also zero.
(b) 9.8 m/s upward
We can find the velocity of the ball 1 s before reaching its highest point by using the equation:
where
a = g = -9.8 m/s^2 is the acceleration due to gravity, which is negative since it points downward
v = 0 is the final velocity (at the highest point)
u is the initial velocity
t = 1 s is the time interval
Solving for u, we find
and the positive sign means it points upward.
(c) -9.8 m/s
The change in velocity during the 1-s interval is given by
where
v = 0 is the final velocity (at the highest point)
u = 9.8 m/s is the initial velocity
Substituting, we find
(d) 9.8 m/s downward
We can find the velocity of the ball 1 s after reaching its highest point by using again the equation:
where this time we have
a = g = -9.8 m/s^2 is the acceleration due to gravity, still negative
v is the final velocity (1 s after reaching the highest point)
u = 0 is the initial velocity (at the highest point)
t = 1 s is the time interval
Solving for v, we find
and the negative sign means it points downward.
(e) -9.8 m/s
The change in velocity during the 1-s interval is given by
where here we have
v = -9.8 m/s is the final velocity (1 s after reaching the highest point)
u = 0 is the initial velocity (at the highest point)
Substituting, we find
(f) -19.6 m/s
The change in velocity during the overall 2-s interval is given by
where in this case we have:
v = -9.8 m/s is the final velocity (1 s after reaching the highest point)
u = +9.8 m/s is the initial velocity (1 s before reaching the highest point)
Substituting, we find
(g) -9.8 m/s^2
There is always one force acting on the ball during the motion: the force of gravity, which is given by
where
m is the mass of the ball
g = -9.8 m/s^2 is the acceleration due to gravity
According to Newton's second law, the resultant of the forces acting on the body is equal to the product of mass and acceleration (a), so
which means that the acceleration is
and the negative sign means it points downward.