Complete the electron-dot structure of s-allylcysteine, showing all lone-pair electrons.
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The structural formula of <span>s-allylcysteine is shown in the picture (top figure). To create its Lewis structure, draw all its bonds between elements. Each single bond contains two electrons. There is an octet rule that must be obeyed by most elements. Each element should be surrounded with 8 electrons. The hydrogen is exempted of this rule. So, there are 4 lone pairs for the S atom, 1 lone pair for the N atom, and 2 lone pairs each for the 2 O atoms.</span>
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- <em>n</em> = 3
- <em>l</em> = 0
= 0
= 1/2 or -1/2
There are four quantum numbers in an electron that orbits the atom.
- <em>n</em>, the principal quantum number.
- <em>l</em>, the angular quantum number.
<em>n</em> is a positive integer. The value of n indicates the main shell of the electron. The electron in question is in the 3s orbital. As a result, <em>n</em> = 3.
<em>l</em> is a non-negative integer. The value of <em>l</em> indicates the type of subshell ("orbital") of the electron. The types of subshells possible depends on the main shell. For example, both s and p orbitals exist in the second main shell. However, only the s orbital exists in the first main shell. The value of <em>l</em> ranges from 0 to <em>n</em> - 1.
- <em>l</em> = 0 indicates an <em>s</em> orbital.
- <em>l</em> = 1 indicates a <em>p</em> orbital.
- <em>l</em> = 2 indicates a <em>d</em> orbital.
- <em>l</em> = 3 indicates an <em>f</em> orbital.
The electron in question is in an <em>s</em> orbital. As a result, <em>l </em>= 0.
is an integer. The value of
indicates the position of the electron within the subshell. The range of
depends on the value of <em>l</em>.
ranges from -<em>l</em> to <em>l </em>(that's <em>-l</em>, ..., -1, 0, 1, ... <em>l</em>). Accordingly, there are 2 <em>l</em> + 1 orbitals in a <em>l</em> subshell. <em>l </em>= 0 for this 3s<em> </em>electron. There's only one orbital in the 3s subshell. The only
value possible for this electron is 0.
The value of is either - 1/2 or 1/2. It indicates the position of an electron within a single orbital. The value of
does not depend on that of <em>n</em>, <em>l</em>, or
. However, by the Pauli Exclusion Principle, at least one of the four numbers must differ for two electrons in the same atom. In case all three of <em>n</em>, <em>l</em>, and
are the same, the two electrons must differ in
. However, this question asks only for the number of one single electron. Thus, giving either - 1/2 or 1/2 shall work.
Vitz et. al, "5.8 Quantum Numbers (Electronic)", <em>ChemPRIME (Moore et al.)</em>, Chemistry Libretexts. 27 Oct 2017.