DiPhosphorus pentoxide or pentaoxide
Oxygen is in group 16 of the PTOE, so it has 6 valence electrons. In order to have a full outer shell it would need 2 more electrons. (second shell can hold a max of 8 electrons)
In mammals and amphibians? An enucleated egg, a donor nucleus (preferably from an early developmental stage such as a blastocyst), and a means to stimulate the egg to be activated as if it had just been fertilized (poking with a needle is sometimes enough)
Or cloning into a vector as in at the level of DNA?
A vector with positve and negative selection markers (like antibiotic resistance and drug susceptibility), an insert, DNA ligase and restriction enzymes, buffer for restriction and ligation. Or if you are doing cloning by PCR, then you need primers, template, nucleotides, RNA pol like Taq polymerase etc.
Li+ has a smaller ionic radius than K+
and smaller molecules have more collisions/interactions between each other
<h3>What is ion-solvent interaction ?</h3>
In the case of ion-solvent interactions, the state in which the interac-tions exist is an obvious one; it is the situation in which ions are inside the solvent.
- Ions are charged particles, and charges interact with other charges. So there will also be ion-ion, as well as ion-solvent, interactions in the solution.
- In the process of solvation, ions are surrounded by a concentric shell of solvent. Solvation is the process of reorganizing solvent and solute molecules into solvation complexes.
Learn more about Ion-solvent interaction here:
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