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Ludmilka [50]
3 years ago
8

Can anyone explain oxidation, and reduction reactions of:

Chemistry
1 answer:
____ [38]3 years ago
4 0

Answer:

Reduction of Aldehydes and Ketones. Hydride reacts with the carbonyl group, C=O, in aldehydes or ketones to give alcohols. ... Reduction of ketones gives secondary alcohols. The acidic work-up converts an intermediate metal alkoxide salt into the desired alcohol via a simple acid base reaction.

The carbon atom of a carboxyl group is in a relatively high oxidation state. Diborane, B2H6, reduces the carboxyl group in a similar fashion. ... Sodium borohydride, NaBH4, does not reduce carboxylic acids; however, hydrogen gas is liberated and salts of the acid are formed.

Primary alcohols can be oxidized to form aldehydes and carboxylic acids; secondary alcohols can be oxidized to give ketones. Tertiary alcohols, in contrast, cannot be oxidized without breaking the molecule's C–C bonds.

A secondary alcohol can be oxidised into a ketone using acidified potassium dichromate and heating under reflux. The orange-red dichromate ion, Cr2O72−, is reduced to the green Cr3+ ion. This reaction was once used in an alcohol breath test.

hope it will help u

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What is the number of protons of oxygen
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Describe the pattern of the lewis dot structure of the first 18 elements
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Explanation: Lewis dot structures are the structures which represent the valence electrons of an atom. The dots in the structure are considered as the valence electrons.

First 18 elements of the periodic table are Hydrogen(H), Helium (He), Lithium (Li), Beryllium (Be), Boron (B), Carbon (C), Nitrogen (N), Oxygen (O), Fluorine (F), Neon(Ne), Sodium (Na), Magnesium (Mg), Aluminium (Al), Silicon (Si), Phosphorous (P), Sulfur (S), Chlorine (Cl) and Argon(Ar).

The valence electrons are the electrons which are present in the outermost shell of an atom. The electronic configuration of the elements are:

Hydrogen (H) = 1s^1 ; Valence electrons = 1

Helium (He) = 1s^2 ; Valence electrons = 2

Lithium (Li) = 1s^22s^1 ; Valence electrons = 1

Beryllium (Be) = 1s^22s^2 ; Valence electrons = 2

Boron (B) = 1s^22s^22p^1 ; Valence electrons = 3

Carbon (C) = 1s^22s^22p^2 ; Valence electrons = 4

Nitrogen (N) = 1s^22s^22p^3 ; Valence electrons = 5

Oxygen (O) = 1s^22s^22p^4 ; Valence electrons = 6

Fluorine (F) = 1s^22s^22p^5 ; Valence electrons = 7

Neon (Ne) = 1s^22s^22p^6 ; Valence electrons = 8

Sodium (Na) = 1s^22s^22p^63s^1 ; Valence electrons = 1

Magnesium (Mg) = 1s^22s^22p^63s^2 ; Valence electrons = 2

Aluminium (Al) = 1s^22s^22p^63s^23p^1 ; Valence electrons = 3

Silicon (Si) = 1s^22s^22p^63s^23p^2 ; Valence electrons = 4

Phosphorous (P) = 1s^22s^22p^63s^23p^3 ; Valence electrons = 5

Sulfur (S) = 1s^22s^22p^63s^23p^4 ; Valence electrons = 6

Chlorine(Cl) = 1s^22s^22p^63s^23p^5 ; Valence electrons = 7

Argon (Ar) = 1s^22s^22p^63s^23p^6 ; Valence electrons = 8

  • Elements hydrogen and helium belong to period 1 of the period table, so the lewis dot structures will have maximum of 2 electrons
  • Elements from lithium to neon belong to period 2 and the lewis dot structures will have maximum of 8 electrons.
  • Elements from sodium and argon belong to the period 3 of the periodic table, and will have maximum of 8 electrons in their lewis dot structures.

Lewis dot structures are attached below.

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