All categories

2 years ago

Can anyone explain oxidation, and reduction reactions of:

Chemistry

1 answer:

____ [38]2 years ago

4 0

Answer:

Reduction of Aldehydes and Ketones. Hydride reacts with the carbonyl group, C=O, in aldehydes or ketones to give alcohols. ... Reduction of ketones gives secondary alcohols. The acidic work-up converts an intermediate metal alkoxide salt into the desired alcohol via a simple acid base reaction.

The carbon atom of a carboxyl group is in a relatively high oxidation state. Diborane, B2H6, reduces the carboxyl group in a similar fashion. ... Sodium borohydride, NaBH4, does not reduce carboxylic acids; however, hydrogen gas is liberated and salts of the acid are formed.

Primary alcohols can be oxidized to form aldehydes and carboxylic acids; secondary alcohols can be oxidized to give ketones. Tertiary alcohols, in contrast, cannot be oxidized without breaking the molecule's C–C bonds.

A secondary alcohol can be oxidised into a ketone using acidified potassium dichromate and heating under reflux. The orange-red dichromate ion, Cr2O72−, is reduced to the green Cr3+ ion. This reaction was once used in an alcohol breath test.

hope it will help u

You might be interested in

Express the van der Waals equation of state as a virial expansion in powers of 1/Vm and obtain expressions for B and C in terms

nirvana33 [79]

Answer:

$PV_{m} = RT[1 + (b-\frac{a}{RT})\frac{1}{V_{m} } + \frac{b^{2} }{V^{2} _{m} } + ...]$

B = b -a/RT

C = b^2

a = 1.263 atm*L^2/mol^2

b = 0.03464 L/mol

Explanation:

In the given question, we need to express the van der Waals equation of state as a virial expansion in powers of 1/Vm and obtain expressions for B and C in terms of the parameters a and b. Therefore:

Using the van deer Waals equation of state:

$P = \frac{RT}{V_{m}-b } - \frac{a}{V_{m} ^{2} }$

With further simplification, we have:

$P = RT[\frac{1}{V_{m}-b } - \frac{a}{RTV_{m} ^{2} }]$

Then, we have:

$P = \frac{RT}{V_{m} } [\frac{1}{1-\frac{b}{V_{m} } } - \frac{a}{RTV_{m} }]$

Therefore,

$PV_{m} = RT[(1-\frac{b}{V_{m} }) ^{-1} - \frac{a}{RTV_{m} }]$

Using the expansion:

$(1-x)^{-1} = 1 + x + x^{2} + ....$

Therefore,

$PV_{m} = RT[1+\frac{b}{V_{m} }+\frac{b^{2} }{V_{m} ^{2} } + ... -\frac{a}{RTV_{m} }]$

Thus:

$PV_{m} = RT[1 + (b-\frac{a}{RT})\frac{1}{V_{m} } + \frac{b^{2} }{V^{2} _{m} } + ...]$ equation (1)

Using the virial equation of state:

$P = RT[\frac{1}{V_{m} }+ \frac{B}{V_{m} ^{2}}+\frac{C}{V_{m} ^{3} }+ ...]$

Thus:

$PV_{m} = RT[1+ \frac{B}{V_{m} }+ \frac{C}{V_{m} ^{2} } + ...]$ equation (2)

Comparing equations (1) and (2), we have:

B = b -a/RT

C = b^2

Using the measurements on argon gave B = −21.7 cm3 mol−1 and C = 1200 cm6 mol−2 for the virial coefficients at 273 K.

$b = \sqrt{C} = \sqrt{1200} = 34.64[tex]cm^{3}/mol$ [/tex] = 0.03464 L/mol

a = (b-B)*RT = (34.64+21.7)*(1L/1000cm^3)*(0.0821)*(273) = 1.263 atm*L^2/mol^2

3 0

2 years ago

Fill in the blank with the correct answer. The longer the handle the __________ the mechanical advantage and the greater the inc

ASHA 777 [7]

Answer:

Greater

Explanation:

The longer the handle, the greater the mechanical advantage and the greater the increase in force that is applied to the bolt.

Mechanical advantage is the rate at which force is multiplied.

It simply compares the output force to the input force.
M.A is the force increasing tendency of a tool.
The longer the handle, the more the mechanical advantage and the lesser the applied force.

7 0

2 years ago

What are the 6 types of chemical reactions?

marusya05 [52]

Answer:

Combination.

Decomposition.

Single displacement.

Double displacement.

Combustion.

Redox.

6 0

3 years ago

Read 2 more answers

What is the reactant(s) in the chemical equation below?

butalik [34]

Answer:

C. 3CO(g) + Fe2O3(s)

Explanation:

The substance(s) to the hath left of the arrow in a chemical equation art hath called reactants. A reactant is a substance yond is presenteth at the starteth of a chemical reaction. The substance(s) to the right of the arrow art hath called products. A product is a substance yond is presenteth at the endeth of a chemical reaction

So in this example, 3CO(g) + Fe2O3(s) art the reactants.

The 2Fe(S) + 3CO2(G) art the products.

Desire I holp! Has't a most wondrous day!

Hope I helped! Have a great day!

7 0

2 years ago

Non-living factors in an ecosystem are ______.

mash [69]

Answer:

B. abiotic

Explanation:

in biology and ecology, abiotic components or abiotic factors are non living chemical and physical parts of the environment that affect living organisms and the functioning of ecosystems.

5 0

2 years ago