On the change in potential energy
Explanation:
Given that,
Two resistors of resistance 6 ohm and 3 ohm are connected in series and then in parallel.
For series combination,

For parallel combination,

When 6 ohm and 3 ohm are in series,

When 6 ohm and 3 ohm are in paralle,

So, the equivalent resistance in series combination is 9 ohms and in parallel combination it is 2 ohms.
Different speeds of light through two separate media ... and the difference in wavelength caused by the difference ... causes the bending of waves fronts associated with light rays.
AFTER the bend, since the light rays then travel in a different direction, we may also say that the 'velocity' has changed.
Atoms are basically tiny structures that make up everything. And a compound is something used in a scientific expirement. I don't get the question. You used improper grammar