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Who was the first president of Jamaica

Lyrx [107]

Sir William Alexander Clarke Bustamante.

Hope This Helps!

8 0

3 years ago

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Write the oxidation and reduction half reactions;

luda_lava [24]

Answer:

a)

$Fe^{2+}$ ⇒ $Fe^{3+}+e^-$

$Br_2+2e^-$ ⇒ $2Br^-$

b)

$Mg$ ⇒ $Mg^{2+}+2e^-$

$Cr^{3+}+e^-$ ⇒ $Cr^{3+}$

Explanation:

A)

Remember that positive number superscripts mean electrons lack and negative numbers mean electrons 'excess' (if we compare it with the neutral element). So, for the case of Fe2+ which is converted to Fe3+, we know that in Fe2+ there is a two electrons lack, while in Fe3+ there is a 3 electrons lack; it means that Fe2+ was converted to Fe3+ but releasing one electron:

$Fe^{2+}$ ⇒ $Fe^{3+}+e^-$

The same analysis is applied to Br2; Br2 is a molecule which is said to have a zero superscript because it is an apolar covalent bond; and it is converted to Br-, which, according to what I wrote above, means that there is a one electron excess. So, Br2 must have received an electron in order to change to Br-; but Br2 can't change to Br- as simple as that because Br2 is a molecule, not an atom; it is a molecule that has two Br atoms, so, Br2 must give two Br- ions as products, but receiving one electron for each one:

$Br_2+2e^-$ ⇒ $2Br^-$

b)

Applying the same, in Mg2+ there is a 2 electrons lack, and in Mg is not electron lack (its superscript is zero), so Mg must have released two electrons in order to change to Mg2+:

$Mg$ ⇒ $Mg^{2+}+2e^-$

Cr3+ has a 3 electrons lack, and Cr2+ a two electrons one, so, Cr3+ must receive an electron to convert to Cr2+:

$Cr^{3+}+e^-$ ⇒ $Cr^{3+}$

3 0

3 years ago

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How is electronegativity related to covalent bonding?

Zolol [24]

Answer:

Atoms must have similar electronegativities in order to share electrons in a covalent bond.

Explanation:

Covalent bonding is one of the bondings that occurs between the atoms of elements. It is the bonding in which atoms share their valence electrons with one another. However, the ELECTRONEGATIVITY, which is the ability of an atom to be attracted to electrons play a major role in the formation of covalent bonds.

When atoms of different electronegativities combine, the more electronegative atom pulls more electrons towards itself, hence, an IONIC bond is formed. However, when the electronegativities of the atoms are similar, the sharing of their electrons becomes stronger. Hence, ATOMS MUST HAVE SIMILAR ELECTRONEGATIVITIES in order to share electrons in a covalent bond.

5 0

3 years ago

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What is the volume of a sample of ammonia gas (NH3) if it contains 0.23 moles?

LekaFEV [45]

The volume of a sample of ammonia gas : 5.152 L

<h3>Further explanation</h3>

Given

0.23 moles of ammonia

Required

The volume of a sample

Solution

Assumed on STP

Conditions at T 0 ° C and P 1 atm are stated by STP (Standard Temperature and Pressure). At STP, Vm is 22.4 liters / mol.

So for 0.23 moles :

= 0.23 x 22.4 L

= 5.152 L

8 0

2 years ago

What is Polar and Non-polar Covalent bond ?

SOVA2 [1]

Answer:

nonpolar covalent bond: A covalent bond in which the bonding electrons are shared equally between the two atoms. polar covalent bond: A covalent bond in which the atoms have an unequal attraction for electrons and so the sharing is unequal.

7 0

2 years ago

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