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jenyasd209 [6]
3 years ago
5

Why do atoms like carbon and nitrogen not like to make ions, while sodium and chlorine do?

Physics
1 answer:
KATRIN_1 [288]3 years ago
6 0
The chemical behavior of atoms is best understood in terms of the degree to which an atom of a particular element attracts electrons, a characteristic officially known as electronegativity. When electronegativity is either very high (as in a chlorine atom) or very low (as in a sodium atom) then you have an atom which tends to either acquire or get rid of one or more electrons, and when it does so it becomes an ion. Carbon has a moderate electronegativity and therefore it is more likely to share electrons (forming covalent bonds) rather than either giving them up or acquiring them (forming ionic bonds). Nitrogen does have a relatively high electronegativity and does form ionic bonds, but in ionic compounds it is most often found in the nitrate radical, combined with 3 oxygen atoms. Nitrogen is also found in molecules that have covalent bonds, such as proteins, but it is the moderating influence of carbon that makes this happen.

I should add that inert elements such as helium do not attract electrons but neither do they give up the ones that they have; they are in a special category, and they form no bonds, neither ionic nor covalent.
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Does a car that is slowing down always have a negative acceleration explain
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No, because sometimes you have to stop at stop signs and stop lights.
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3 years ago
Initially, a 2.00-kg mass is whirling at the end of a string (in a circular path of radius 0.750 m) on a horizontal frictionless
drek231 [11]

Answer:

v_f = 15 \frac{m}{s}

Explanation:

We can solve this problem using conservation of angular momentum.

The angular momentum \vec{L} is

\vec{L}  = \vec{r} \times \vec{p}

where \vec{r} is the position and \vec{p} the linear momentum.

We also know that the torque is

\vec{\tau} = \frac{d\vec{L}}{dt}  = \frac{d}{dt} ( \vec{r} \times \vec{p} )

\vec{\tau} =  \frac{d}{dt}  \vec{r} \times \vec{p} +   \vec{r} \times \frac{d}{dt} \vec{p}

\vec{\tau} =  \vec{v} \times \vec{p} +   \vec{r} \times \vec{F}

but, as the linear momentum is \vec{p} = m \vec{v} this means that is parallel to the velocity, and the first term must equal zero

\vec{v} \times \vec{p}=0

so

\vec{\tau} =   \vec{r} \times \vec{F}

But, as the only horizontal force is the tension of the string, the force must be parallel to the vector position measured from the vertical rod, so

\vec{\tau}_{rod} =   0

this means, for the angular momentum measure from the rod:

\frac{d\vec{L}_{rod}}{dt} =   0

that means :

\vec{L}_{rod} = constant

So, the magnitude of initial angular momentum is :

| \vec{L}_{rod_i} | = |\vec{r}_i||\vec{p}_i| cos(\theta)

but the angle is 90°, so:

| \vec{L}_{rod_i} | = |\vec{r}_i||\vec{p}_i|

| \vec{L}_{rod_i} | = r_i * m * v_i

We know that the distance to the rod is 0.750 m, the mass 2.00 kg and the speed 5 m/s, so:

| \vec{L}_{rod_i} | = 0.750 \ m \ 2.00 \ kg \ 5 \ \frac{m}{s}

| \vec{L}_{rod_i} | = 7.5 \frac{kg m^2}{s}

For our final angular momentum we have:

| \vec{L}_{rod_f} | = r_f * m * v_f

and the radius is 0.250 m and the mass is 2.00 kg

| \vec{L}_{rod_f} | = 0.250 m * 2.00 kg * v_f

but, as the angular momentum is constant, this must be equal to the initial angular momentum

7.5 \frac{kg m^2}{s} = 0.250 m * 2.00 kg * v_f

v_f = \frac{7.5 \frac{kg m^2}{s}}{ 0.250 m * 2.00 kg}

v_f = 15 \frac{m}{s}

8 0
3 years ago
1. The horizontal and vertical components of a projectile's velocity are
Anni [7]

The horizontal and vertical components of a projectile's velocity are independent of each other.

Answer: Option C

<u>Explanation:</u>

The path of a projectile is determined by two components of motion. They are termed as horizontal and the vertical components. Since both components velocity are perpendicular to each other, so it can stated that they are independent of each other.

Even it can seen that when the horizontal components of velocity is constant, then there will be change in the vertical components of velocity leading to free fall projectile path.

And in the absence of gravity, there will be change in the horizontal components of velocity with zero vertical component of velocity. Thus, the horizontal and the vertical components of a projectile’s velocity are seemed to be independent of each other.

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