by classifying into categories that get smaller and smaller these are the classification steps : life , domain , kingdom , phylum , class, order , family , genus , and species every time you narrow it down the option gets smaller and smaller till there's none left except the species it self .
Answer:
Since valence shells are mostly empty in nonmetal atoms, the atoms attract and hold any electrons they can in order to fill their valence shells.
I think it is b..................................................
