The difference between short period and long period is based upon the number of elements in each period. Shortest period is the first period which contains elements, while the longest period is the 6th period which contains 32 elements.
The answer is D I hope this helps you !
These substances can be separated by distillation, so your answer is A.
Unfortunately, you haven't shared any data list which would make braunly users able to help you. The only thing I can suggest you is to write the neutralization reactions, this can make you understand the calculations more or less clearly. Please, next time check your attachments carefully.