Answer:
Benzene
Explanation:
You have to find the freezing point for each of these (make sure they're in Celsius). You might want to double check these but:
Benzene: 5.5
Water: 0
Butane: -138
Nitrogen: -21
11. I would say physical because the color of the item is changed and the texture and density is changed aswell.
Answer:
III < II < I < IV
Explanation:
Boiling point is determined by the strength of the intermolecular forces in a substance.
n-pentane and 2,2-dimethylpropane are isomers of each other (same molecular formula) and have only single bonds. Both molecules have only London dispersion forces (LDFs), which are the weakest intermolecular forces. The difference in their boiling point is due to the connectivity of the carbon skeleton. n-pentane is a linear hydrocarbon while 2,2-dimethylpropane is a branched hydrocarbon. The linear structure of n-pentane produces a larger surface area between molecules, so the amount of LDFs between the molecules is increased. Thus, n-pentane has a higher boiling point.
Both 1-pentanol and (R)-4-hydroxypentanoic acid have a higher boiling point than the hydrocarbons because they have hydrogen bonding. 1-pentanol has a single alcohol group while (R)-4-hydroxypentanoic acid has both an alcohol group and an acid group, which can also hydrogen bond. Thus, (R)-4-hydroxypentanoic acid has more hydrogen bonding than 1-pentanol and therefore a higher boiling point.
Explanation:
Crystallography. an arrangement in space of isolated points (lattice points ) in a regular pattern, showing the positions of atoms, molecules, or ions in the structure of a crystal.
If an atom experiences sufficient thermal activation, it can move to a neighboring lattice position.4 If the vibration frequency of the atom is v and the atom has Z nearest neighbors, the total number of jump attempts is vZ. However, only a small fraction of the attempts will be successful, with a probability depending on the ratio between the necessary activation energy for a single jump QD and the thermal activation kBT. The effective jump frequency ΓD is then
(5.6)
With each successful jump, the atom travels one atomic distance λ and the total traveling distance in unit time is thus ΓDλ. Substituting the jump frequency ΓD into the expression for the root mean square displacement of a random walker [equation (5.5)] and using the spatial coordinate r leads to