<span>Fill out the blank The Earth's atmosphere __is_____ about 19% of the sun's energy Earth's _______is_____ absorbs about 51 percent of the sun's energy, which heats the atmosphere.</span>
If we abbreviate the formula for nicotine as Nic, then the equations for two different equilibria of Nic in water are
Nic + H2O ---> NicH+ + OH-
NicH+ + H2O ---> NicH2 2+ + OH-
We can write the Kb1 expression for the first equation as
Kb1 = 1.0×10^-6 = [NicH+][OH-] / [Nic]
1.0×10^-6 = x^2 / 1.85×10^-3 - x
Approximating that x is negligible compared to 1.85×10^-3 simplifies the equation to
1.0×10^-6 = x^2 / 1.85×10^-3
x = 0.0000430
x = [OH-] = 4.30×10^-5 M
From the Kb2 expression
Kb2 = 1.3×10-11 = [NicH2 2+][OH-] / [NicH+]
1.1×10^-10 = x^2 / 4.30×10^-5 - x
Approximating that x is negligible compared to 4.30×10^-5 simplifies the equation to
1.1×10^-10 = x^2 / 4.30×10^-5
x = [OH-] = 6.88×10^-8
The concentration [OH-] can be computed as
[OH-] = 4.30×10^-5 M + 6.88×10^-8 M = 4.30×10^-5 M
This shows that the second equilibrium has a negligible effect on the pH.
We can now calculate for pH:
pOH = -log [OH-] = -log (4.30×10^-5 M) = 4.37
pH = 14 - pOH = 14 - 4.37 = 9.63
Answer:
A system is in equilibrium when the rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the reverse reaction.
Explanation:
In a system in equilibrium, the rupture and formation of new bonds from the formation and decomposition of substances must have the same reaction rate. Thanks to equal speeds we can say that a system in equilibrium is dynamic and in general every system tends to move spontaneously towards equilibrium. The environment never interferes.
For example.
N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) ---> 2NH3 (g) formation
2NH3 ----> N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) decomposition
N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) <------> 2NH3 (g) In equilibrium
Delivering electricity to homes through high voltage lines, reduces the power loss that is caused by Joule's heating.
We know that:
P=VI
Where, P is power, V is the voltage and I is the current.
So if we keep P constant and make then voltage up, I must goes down.
According to Joule's first law : Power of heating generated by a conductor is directly proportional to the product of its resistance and the square of the current.
Now using the equation:
Q=I²Rt
Where Q is the heat generated, I is the current , R is the resistance and t is the time.
So by reduced I, heat loss will be reduced.
