The answer is number 1 - energy is emitted
Energy is released when an atom in an excited state returns to the ground state.
Answer: The molarity of the malonic acid solution is 0.08335 M
Explanation:

To calculate the molarity of acid, we use the equation given by neutralization reaction:

where,
are the n-factor, molarity and volume of acid which is 
are the n-factor, molarity and volume of base which is NaOH.
We are given:

Putting values in above equation, we get:

Thus the molarity of the malonic acid solution is 0.08335 M
This is a neutralization reaction since, the hydrogen ion, H+, from the HCl is neutralized by the hydroxide ion, OH-, from the KOH to form the water molecule, H2O and salt, KCl only.
Answer:
By satisfying the duet rule or the octet rule, ions are more stable.
Explanation:
Ionic bonds are formed through the exchange of valence electrons between atoms, typically a metal and a nonmetal. The loss or gain of valence electrons allows ions to obey the octet rule and become more stable.
The octet rule states that an atom is most stable when there are eight electrons in its valence shell. Atoms with less than eight electrons tend to satisfy the duet rule, having two electrons in their valence shell. By satisfying the duet rule or the octet rule, ions are more stable.
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