<h3><u>Answer;</u></h3>
The different atoms have different quantized energy levels
<h3><u>Explanation;</u></h3>
- The atoms of different elements have different energy levels because they have different nuclear charges and spins, and different numbers of electrons.
- Each different kind of atom, like hydrogen or radon, has a distinct nuclear charge and number of electrons. This makes the potential energy function different for each atom, and therefore results in different energy levels.
- In an emmission spectra, each bright band corresponds to a difference between energy levels within the atom.
Answer:
<u>Distance</u><u> </u><u>between</u><u> </u><u>them</u><u> </u><u>is</u><u> </u><u>4</u><u>,</u><u>2</u><u>0</u><u>0</u><u> </u><u>meters</u><u>.</u>
Explanation:
Consinder car A:
![{ \bf{distance = speed \times time }}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%7B%20%5Cbf%7Bdistance%20%3D%20%20speed%20%5Ctimes%20time%20%7D%7D)
substitute:
![distance = 20 \times (2 \times 60) \\ = 2400 \: m](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=distance%20%3D%2020%20%5Ctimes%20%282%20%5Ctimes%2060%29%20%5C%5C%20%20%3D%202400%20%5C%3A%20m)
Consider car B:
![distance = 15 \times (2 \times 60) \\ = 1800 \: m](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=distance%20%3D%2015%20%5Ctimes%20%282%20%5Ctimes%2060%29%20%5C%5C%20%20%3D%201800%20%5C%3A%20m)
since these cars move in opposite directions, distance between them is their summation:
![distance \: between = { \sum(distance \: of \: each \: car)} \\ = 2400 + 1800 \\ = 4200 \: m](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=distance%20%5C%3A%20between%20%3D%20%7B%20%5Csum%28distance%20%5C%3A%20of%20%5C%3A%20each%20%5C%3A%20car%29%7D%20%5C%5C%20%20%3D%202400%20%2B%201800%20%5C%5C%20%20%3D%204200%20%5C%3A%20m)
The railroad tracks will move with the plate boundaries
Answer:
(a) 43.2 kC
(b) 0.012V kWh
(c) 0.108V cents
Explanation:
<u>Given:</u>
- i = current flow = 3 A
- t = time interval for which the current flow =
![4\ h = 4\times 3600\ s = 14400\ s](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=4%5C%20h%20%3D%204%5Ctimes%203600%5C%20s%20%3D%2014400%5C%20s)
- V = terminal voltage of the battery
- R = rate of energy = 9 cents/kWh
<u>Assume:</u>
- Q = charge transported as a result of charging
- E = energy expended
- C = cost of charging
Part (a):
We know that the charge flow rate is the electric current flow through a wire.
![\therefore i = \dfrac{Q}{t}\\\Rightarrow Q =it\\\Rightarrow Q = 3\times 14400\\\Rightarrow Q = 43200\ C\\\Rightarrow Q = 43.200\ kC\\](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Ctherefore%20i%20%3D%20%5Cdfrac%7BQ%7D%7Bt%7D%5C%5C%5CRightarrow%20Q%20%3Dit%5C%5C%5CRightarrow%20Q%20%3D%203%5Ctimes%2014400%5C%5C%5CRightarrow%20Q%20%3D%2043200%5C%20C%5C%5C%5CRightarrow%20Q%20%3D%2043.200%5C%20kC%5C%5C)
Hence, 43.2 kC of charge is transported as a result of charging.
Part (b):
We know the electrical energy dissipated due to current flow across a voltage drop for a time interval is given by:
![E = Vit\\\Rightarrow E = V\times 3\times 4\\\Rightarrow E = 12V\ Wh\\\Rightarrow E = 0.012V\ kWh\\](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=E%20%3D%20Vit%5C%5C%5CRightarrow%20E%20%3D%20V%5Ctimes%203%5Ctimes%204%5C%5C%5CRightarrow%20E%20%3D%2012V%5C%20Wh%5C%5C%5CRightarrow%20E%20%3D%200.012V%5C%20kWh%5C%5C)
Hence, 0.012V kWh is expended in charging the battery.
Part (c):
We know that the energy cost is equal to the product of energy expended and the rate of energy.
![\therefore \textrm{Cost}=\textrm{Energy}\times \textrm{Rate}\\\Rightarrow C = ER\\\Rightarrow C = 0.012V\times 9\\\Rightarrow C =0.108V\ cents](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Ctherefore%20%5Ctextrm%7BCost%7D%3D%5Ctextrm%7BEnergy%7D%5Ctimes%20%5Ctextrm%7BRate%7D%5C%5C%5CRightarrow%20C%20%3D%20ER%5C%5C%5CRightarrow%20C%20%3D%200.012V%5Ctimes%209%5C%5C%5CRightarrow%20C%20%3D0.108V%5C%20cents)
Hence, 0.108V cents is the charging cost of the battery.
Most of the excess energy is released as waste heat into the air surrounding the engine. Small amounts of excess energy are also released as sound energy, and as electrical energy generated by the alternator in a car's engine.