Considering the definition of ionization energy, the highest ionization energy belongs to the element:
a. Be
b. Ar
c. Cl
Electrons are held in atoms by their attraction to the nucleus, which means that energy is needed to remove an electron from the atom.
You should keep in mind that the electrons of the last layer are always lost, because they are the weakest attracted to the nucleus.
Ionization energy, also called ionization potential, is the necessary energy that must be supplied to a neutral, gaseous, ground-state atom to remove an electron from an atom. When an electron is removed from a neutral atom, a cation with a charge equal to +1 is formed.
In a group, the ionization energy increases upwards because when passing from one element to the bottom, it contains one more layer of electrons. Therefore, the valence layer electrons, being further away from the nucleus, will be less attracted to it and it will cost less energy to pluck them.
In the same period, in general, it increases as you shift to the right. This is because the elements in this way have a tendency to gain electrons and therefore it will cost much more to tear them off than those on the left which, having few electrons in the last layer will cost them much less to lose them.
Considering all the above, from each of the pairs, the highest ionization energy belongs to the element:
a. Be
b. Ar
c. Cl
Learn more:
The volume of your 0.25 m stock solution that is needed to make 200 ml of 0.010 m NaCl is <u>0.008 L</u>
Concentration is the abundance of a constituent divided by way of the overall volume of an aggregate. several sorts of mathematical descriptions may be outstanding: mass concentration, molar concentration, variety concentration, and extent awareness.
Calculation:-
C₁ = 0.25 M
V₁ = ?
C₂ = 0.010 M
V₂ = 200 ml = 0.2 L
V₁ = C₂V₂/C₁
= 0.010 × 0.2 / 0.25
=<u> 0.008 L</u>
The concentration of a substance is the quantity of solute found in a given amount of solution. Concentrations are normally expressed in terms of molarity, defined because of the variety of moles of solute in 1 L of answer.
The Concentration of an answer is a measure of the quantity of solute that has been dissolved in a given amount of solvent or answer. A concentrated answer is one that has a rather huge quantity of dissolved solute.
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Answer:
The empirical formula is N2 CH4 O
Explanation:
24.6 ℃
<h3>Explanation</h3>
Hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide reacts by the following equation:
which is equivalent to
The question states that the second equation has an enthalpy, or "heat", of neutralization of 
. Thus the combination of every mole of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions in solution would produce 
or 
of energy.
500 milliliter of a 0.50 mol per liter "M" solution contains 0.25 moles of the solute. There are thus 0.25 moles of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions in the two 0.500 milliliter solutions, respectively. They would combine to release 
of energy.
Both the solution and the calorimeter absorb energy released in this neutralization reaction. Their temperature change is dependent on the heat capacity <em>C</em> of the two objects, combined.
The question has given the heat capacity of the calorimeter directly.
The heat capacity (the one without mass in the unit) of water is to be calculated from its mass and <em>specific</em> heat.
The calorimeter contains 1.00 liters or 
of the 1.0 gram per milliliter solution. Accordingly, it would have a mass of 
.
The solution has a specific heat of 
. The solution thus have a heat capacity of 
. Note that one degree Kelvins K is equivalent to one degree celsius ℃ in temperature change measurements.
The calorimeter-solution system thus has a heat capacity of 
, meaning that its temperature would rise by 1 degree celsius on the absorption of 4.634 × 10³ joules of energy. 
are available from the reaction. Thus, the temperature of the system shall have risen by 3.03 degrees celsius to 24.6 degrees celsius by the end of the reaction.
