Water is an essential part of life and its availability is important for all living creatures. On the other side, the world is suffering from a major problem of drinking water. There are several gases, microorganisms and other toxins (chemicals and heavy metals) added into water during rain, flowing water, etc. which is responsible for water pollution. This review article describes various applications of nanomaterial in removing different types of impurities from polluted water. There are various kinds of nanomaterials, which carried huge potential to treat polluted water (containing metal toxin substance, different organic and inorganic impurities) very effectively due to their unique properties like greater surface area, able to work at low concentration, etc. The nanostructured catalytic membranes, nanosorbents and nanophotocatalyst based approaches to remove pollutants from wastewater are eco-friendly and efficient, but they require more energy, more investment in order to purify the wastewater. There are many challenges and issues of wastewater treatment. Some precautions are also required to keep away from ecological and health issues. New modern equipment for wastewater treatment should be flexible, low cost and efficient for the commercialization purpose.
The electron configuration filling patterns of some elements in group 6b(6) and group 1b(11) reflect the increasing stability of half-filled and completely filled sublevels.
<h2>
What is electronic configuration?</h2>
The distribution of electrons in an element's atomic orbitals is described by the element's electron configuration. Atomic subshells that contain electrons are placed in a series, and the number of electrons that each one of them holds is indicated in superscript for all atomic electron configurations. For instance, sodium's electron configuration is 1s22s22p63s1.
Almost all of the elements write their electronic configurations in the same style. When the energies of two subshells differ, an electron from the lower energy subshell occasionally goes to the higher energy subshell.
This is due to two factors:
Symmetrical distribution: As is well known, stability is a result of symmetry. Because of the symmetrical distribution of electrons, orbitals where the sub-shell is exactly half-full or totally filled are more stable.
Energy exchange: The electrons in degenerate orbitals have a parallel spin and are prone to shifting positions. The energy released during this process is simply referred to as exchange energy. The greatest number of exchanges occurs when the orbitals are half- or fully-filled. Its stability is therefore at its highest.
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Answer:
Explanation:
Because 3.005 grams of potassium lactate is added to 100. mL of solution, its concentration is:
![\displaystyle \begin{aligned} \left[ \text{KC$_3$H_$_5$O$_3$}\right] & = \frac{3.005\text{ g KC$_3$H_$_5$O$_3$}}{100.\text{ mL}} \cdot \frac{1\text{ mol KC$_3$H_$_5$O$_3$}}{128.17 \text{ g KC$_3$H_$_5$O$_3$}} \cdot \frac{1000\text{ mL}}{1\text{ L}} \\ \\ &= 0.234\text{ M}\end{aligned}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Cdisplaystyle%20%5Cbegin%7Baligned%7D%20%5Cleft%5B%20%5Ctext%7BKC%24_3%24H_%24_5%24O%24_3%24%7D%5Cright%5D%20%20%26%20%3D%20%5Cfrac%7B3.005%5Ctext%7B%20g%20KC%24_3%24H_%24_5%24O%24_3%24%7D%7D%7B100.%5Ctext%7B%20mL%7D%7D%20%5Ccdot%20%5Cfrac%7B1%5Ctext%7B%20mol%20KC%24_3%24H_%24_5%24O%24_3%24%7D%7D%7B128.17%20%5Ctext%7B%20g%20KC%24_3%24H_%24_5%24O%24_3%24%7D%7D%20%5Ccdot%20%5Cfrac%7B1000%5Ctext%7B%20mL%7D%7D%7B1%5Ctext%7B%20L%7D%7D%20%5C%5C%20%5C%5C%20%26%3D%200.234%5Ctext%7B%20M%7D%5Cend%7Baligned%7D)
By solubility rules, potassium is completely soluble, so the compound will dissociate completely into potassium and lactate ions. Therefore, [KC₃H₅O₃] = [C₃H₅O₃⁺]. Note that lactate is the conjugate base of lactic acid.
Recall the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation:
![\displaystyle \begin{aligned}\text{pH} = \text{p}K_a + \log \frac{\left[\text{Base}\right]}{\left[\text{Acid}\right]} \end{aligned}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Cdisplaystyle%20%5Cbegin%7Baligned%7D%5Ctext%7BpH%7D%20%3D%20%5Ctext%7Bp%7DK_a%20%2B%20%5Clog%20%5Cfrac%7B%5Cleft%5B%5Ctext%7BBase%7D%5Cright%5D%7D%7B%5Cleft%5B%5Ctext%7BAcid%7D%5Cright%5D%7D%20%5Cend%7Baligned%7D)
[Base] = 0.234 M and [Acid] = 0.500 M. We are given that the resulting pH is 3.526. Substitute and solve for p<em>Kₐ</em>:
In conclusion, the p<em>Kₐ </em>value of lactic acid is about 3.856.
I believe the answer is: Protons and Neutrons
Protons weigh 1 amu while neutrons also weigh 1 amu. I’m not sure if they are talking about how many there is.
Answer:
RADIATION <em>is</em><em> </em><em>the</em><em> </em><em>transfer</em><em> </em><em>of</em><em> </em><em>Heat</em><em> </em><em>energy</em><em> </em><em>through</em><em> </em><em>space</em><em> </em><em>by</em><em> </em><em>Electromagnetic</em><em> </em><em>Radiation</em><em>.</em><em> </em><em>Most</em><em> </em><em>of</em><em> </em><em>the</em><em> </em><em>electromagnetic</em><em> </em><em>radiation</em><em> </em><em>that</em><em> </em><em>comes</em><em> </em><em>to</em><em> </em><em>the</em><em> </em><em>earth</em><em> </em><em>from</em><em> </em><em>the</em><em> </em><em>Sun</em><em> </em><em>is</em><em> </em><em>invisible</em><em>.</em>
