Answer:
275 MPa, -175 MPa
-0.63636
450 MPa
Explanation:
= Maximum stress
= Minimum stress
= Mean stress = 50 MPa
= Stress amplitude = 225 MPa
Mean stress is given by

Stress amplitude is given by


Maximum stress level is 275 MPa
Minimum stress level is -175 MPa
Stress ratio is given by

The stress ratio is -0.63636
Stress range is given by

Magnitude of the stress range is 450 MPa
Answer:
B.
I think.
Explanation:
Mars doesn't have that much of an atmosphere!
Have a great day!
Answer:
Q/4πε0 [1/R - 1/√R2+d2]
Explanation:
Q/4πε0 [1/R - 1/√R2+d2] is the answer
explanation is attached.
toppr
When warm air layer traps pollution that is within the earth's surface, a temperature inversion usually takes place. In addition, at temperature inversion happens when the cold air overlays the warm air in the troposphere, which does not usually happen since warm air rises and cold air sinks by principle.