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3 years ago

Someone please help!!!

Chemistry

1 answer:

sveticcg [70]3 years ago

5 0

Answer: The last electron will be filled in first orbital of 3p sub-shell.

Explanation: Filling of electrons in orbitals is done by using Hund's Rule.

Hund's rule states that the electron will be singly occupied in the orbital of the sub-shell before any orbital is doubly occupied.

For filling up of the electrons in Sulfur atom having 16 electrons. First 10 electrons will completely fill according to Aufbau's Rule in 1s, 2s and 2p sub-shells and last 6 electrons are the valence electrons which will be filled in the order of 3s and then 3p.

3s sub-shell will be fully filled and the orbitals of 3p sub-shell will be first singly occupied and then pairing will take place. Hence, the last electron will be filled in the first orbital of 3p-sub-shell.

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A mysterious white powder could be powdered sugar (C12H22O11), cocaine (C17H21NO4), codeine (C18H21NO3), norfenefrine (C8H11NO2)

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Norfenefrine (C₈H₁₁NO₂).

<h3>Further explanation</h3>

We will solve a case related to one of the colligative properties, namely freezing point depression.

The freezing point of the solution is the temperature at which the solution begins to freeze. The difference between the freezing point of the solvent and the freezing point of the solution is called freezing point depression.

$\boxed{ \ \Delta T_f = T_f(solvent) - T_f(solution) \ } \rightarrow \boxed{ \ \Delta T_f = K_f \times molality \ }$

<u>Given:</u>

A mysterious white powder could be,

powdered sugar (C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁) with a molar mass of 342.30 g/moles,
cocaine (C₁₇H₂₁NO₄) with a molar mass of 303.35 g/moles,
codeine (C₁₈H₂₁NO₃) with a molar mass of 299.36 g/moles,
norfenefrine (C₈H₁₁NO₂) with a molar mass of 153.18 g/moles, or
fructose (C₆H₁₂O₆) with a molar mass of 180.16 g/moles.

When 82 mg of the powder is dissolved in 1.50 mL of ethanol (density = 0.789 g/cm³, normal freezing point −114.6°C, Kf = 1.99°C/m), the freezing point is lowered to −115.5°C.

<u>Question: </u>What is the identity of the white powder?

<u>The Process:</u>

Let us identify the solute, the solvent, initial, and final temperatures.

The solute = the powder
The solvent = ethanol
The freezing point of the solvent = −114.6°C
The freezing point of the solution = −115.5°C

Prepare masses of solutes and solvents.

Mass of solute = 82 mg = 0.082 g
Mass of solvent = density x volume, i.e., $\boxed{ \ 0.789 \ \frac{g}{cm^3} \times 1.50 \ cm^3 = 1.1835 \ g = 0.00118 \ kg \ }$

We must prepare the solvent mass unit in kg because the unit of molality is the mole of the solute divided by the mass of the solvent in kg.

The molality formula is as follows:

$\boxed{ \ m = \frac{moles \ of \ solute}{kg \ of \ solvent} \ } \rightarrow \boxed{ \ m = \frac{mass \ of \ solute \ (g)}{molar \ mass \ of \ solute \times kg \ of \ solvent} \ }$

Now we combine it with the formula of freezing point depression.

$\boxed{ \ \Delta T_f = K_f \times \frac{mass \ of \ solute \ (g)}{molar \ mass \ of \ solute \times kg \ of \ solvent} \ }$

It is clear that we will determine the molar mass of the solute (denoted by Mr).

We enter all data into the formula.

$\boxed{ \ -114.6^0C - (-115.5^0C) = 1.99 \frac{^0C}{m} \times \frac{0.082 \ g}{Mr \times 0.00118 \ kg} \ }$

$\boxed{ \ 0.9 = \frac{1.99 \times 0.082}{Mr \times 0.00118} \ }$

$\boxed{ \ Mr = \frac{0.16318}{0.9 \times 0.00118} \ }$

We get $\boxed{ \ Mr = 153.65 \ }$

These results are very close to the molar mass of norfenefrine which is 153.18 g/mol. Thus the white powder is norfenefrine.

<h3>Learn more</h3>

The molality and mole fraction of water brainly.com/question/10861444
About the mass and density of ethylene glycol as an antifreeze brainly.com/question/4053884
About the solution as a homogeneous mixture brainly.com/question/637791

Keywords: a mysterious white powder, sugar, cocaine, codeine, norfenefrine, fructose, the solute, the solvent, dissolved, ethanol, normal freezing point, the freezing point depression, the identity

7 0

3 years ago

Read 2 more answers

If the temperature we're to go down how would that effect the solubility of each solute

vova2212 [387]

well when there is more kinetic energy in a solution the higher its temperature is going to be so the more the molecules are able to be help together, the lower the temperature the more difficult it would be to break the molecule apart in order to bond with it.

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4 years ago