Explanation :
Extraction : It is a separation technique in which one compound is separated from a mixture of compounds.
In a chemical process, the solution may not contain only the desired product but there maybe a mixture of products present.
So, for obtaining the desired product we need to get rid of the other products in a mixture like catalyst (if used), other by products or unreacted starting material.
For a compound to be extracted it has to be soluble in the extracting solvent.
Therefore, this process is based on the miscibility of solute and solvent in a mixture.
It is basic because of the fact that it has a strong base which is KOH and a weak acid HCN and the strong base causes it to remain more basic.
LiAlH₄ is used as strong reducing agent. The hydride produced acts as a nucleophile and attacks the electrophillic carbon of carbonyl group. In given example two reactions are observed.
Reaction 1: In first step LiAlH₄ when treated with
Ester produces corresponding
Aldehyde and alcohol.
Reaction 2: This aldehyde produced further reacts with LiAlH₄ to give a reduced product (
Alcohols). In this case Butanol is produced.
The reaction schemes are shown as felow,