Answer:
water at 4°c that's abnormal stage of water
Answer:
wave changes its path from its initial direction so this phenomenon is known as Refraction of wave
Explanation:
When wave travels from one medium to other medium the due to change in the speed of the wave propagation it deviates from its initial path.
The deviation of the wave from its initial path is known as refraction of wave
Here we can see that wave incident on medium 1 with some angle with the boundary
Then it enters into other medium and then travels in other direction
So here wave changes its path from its initial direction so this phenomenon is known as Refraction of wave
Answer:
A) U₀ = ϵ₀AV²/2d
B) U₁ = (ϵ₀AV²)/6d
This means that the new energy of the capacitor is (1/3) of the initial energy before the increased separation.
C) U₂ = (kϵ₀AV²)/2d
Explanation:
A) The energy stored in a capacitor is given by (1/2) (CV²)
Energy in the capacitor initially
U₀ = CV²/2
V = voltage across the plates of the capacitor
C = capacitance of the capacitor
But the capacitance of a capacitor depends on the geometry of the capacitor is given by
C = ϵA/d
ϵ = Absolute permissivity of the dielectric material
ϵ = kϵ₀
where k = dielectric constant
ϵ₀ = permissivity of free space/air/vacuum
A = Cross sectional Area of the capacitor
d = separation between the capacitor
If air/vacuum/free space are the dielectric constants,
So, k = 1 and ϵ = ϵ₀
U₀ = CV²/2
Substituting for C
U₀ = ϵ₀AV²/2d
B) Now, for U₁, the new distance between plates, d₁ = 3d
U₁ = ϵ₀AV²/2d₁
U₁ = ϵ₀AV²/(2(3d))
U₁ = (ϵ₀AV²)/6d
This means that the new energy of the capacitor is (1/3) of the initial energy before the increased separation.
C) U₂ = CV²/2
Substituting for C
U₂ = ϵAV²/2d
The dielectric material has a dielectric constant of k
ϵ = kϵ₀
U₂ = (kϵ₀AV²)/2d