One of the most famous historical model was the geocentric model thought of by plato. This model says that the earth is in the center of the universe and that each of the planets follow complicated paths that go backwards sometimes. This model was used until a new one was accepted. This model is the one we have today called the heliocentric model. It was bought of by Copernicus. Hope that answers your question!
The strength of the electric and magnetic fields there is no physical "distance" of oscillation here. nothing is actually moving up and down if you draw light as a sinusoidal wave, the up and down motion is the strength of the EM fields cheers
Nothing has to turn.
Sunlight <u><em>IS</em></u> solar energy !