Differentiation in its simplest of terms means breaking something into small parts. On the other hand, integration is taking those really small parts and gluing them in the right order. In short, these terms are the direct opposite or inverses of each other. The term which can tell you how fast you are going at a moment in time at ones current location is called a derivative. The term on the other hand, which can tell you how far you have travelled if you have been keeping track of your location and your time is what an integral is referred to. It is like differentiation only needs knowledge on the local neighbourhood while integration will need the knowledge on a global knowledge.
Any process in which a mixture of materials separates out partially
Because: Some of the work done by the machine is used to overcome the friction created by the use of the machine. ... Work output can never be greater than work input. Machines allow force to be applied over a greater distance, which means that less force will be needed for the same amount of work.
Efficiency is calculated through dividing the actual mechanical advantage by the hypothetical mechanical advantage:
- the actual mechanical advantage is 9J because that's how much work the light bulb doing
- the hypo. mechanical advantage is 100J. Ideally, in a perfect world, the light bulb can convert 100J input into 100J output, but do to resistance and other factors it is not possible.

change the decimal to a percentage:

the light bulb had 9% efficiency