Answer:

Explanation:
From the question we are told that
Weight of fireman 
Pole distance 
Final speed is 
Generally the equation for velocity is mathematically represented as

Therefore Acceleration a
Generally the equation for Frictional force
is mathematically given as



Therefore

Answer:
The ratio of the new force over the original force is 16
Explanation:
Recall the formula for the gravitational force between two masses M1 and M2 separated a distance D:

So now, if the masses M1 and M2 are quadrupled and the distance stays the same, the new force becomes:

which is 16 times the original force.
So the ratio of the new force over the original force is 16
Momentum of a body is calculated by multiplying the mass of a moving body with its velocity. When a body is at rest it has zero momentum since the velocity is also zero.
In this case the momentum of the canoe will be;
38 kg × 2.2 m/s = 83.6 kgm/s
Therefore, the correct answer is 83.6 kg m/s