A potential problem is that you are willing to accept a <u>5% </u>chance of being wrong if you reject the null hypothesis.
The significance level is the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis if it is true. For example, a significance level of 0.05 indicates a 5% risk of concluding that there is a difference when there is actually no difference. Rejecting the true null hypothesis results in a Type I error.
The smaller the value of α the more difficult it is to reject the null hypothesis. Therefore, choosing a low value for α can reduce the likelihood of Type I errors. The result here is that if the null hypothesis is false, it may be more difficult to reject using a lower value for α. The alpha value or statistical significance threshold is arbitrary. Which value to use depends on your field of study.
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well they are normally bigger than the inner planets, and they also have a bigger distance to go
PART A)
By Snell's law we know that
here we know that
now from above equation we have
so it will refract by angle 39.3 degree
PART B)
Here as we can see that image formed on the other side of lens
So it is a real and inverted image
Also we can see that size of image is lesser than the size of object here
Here we can use concave mirror to form same type of real and inverted image
PART C)
As per the mirror formula we know that
so image will form at 30 cm from mirror
it is virtual image and smaller in size
