The correct answer would be C. Convection, which describes that heat rises.
Nitrogen, Oxygen, and Fluorine do not follow this trend. The noble gas electron configuration will be close to zero because they will not easily gain electrons.
ΔHrxn = ΣδΗ(bond breaking) - ΣδΗ(bond making)
Bond enthalpies,
N ≡ N ⇒ 945 kJ mol⁻¹
N - Cl ⇒ 192 kJ mol⁻¹
Cl - Cl⇒ 242 kJ mol⁻¹
According to the balanced equation,
ΣδΗ(bond breaking) = N ≡ N x 1 + Cl - Cl x 3
= 945 + 3(242)
= 1671 kJ mol⁻¹
ΣδΗ(bond making) = N - Cl x 3 x 2
= 192 x 6
= 1152 kJ mol⁻¹
δHrxn = ΣδΗ(bond breaking) - ΣδΗ(bond making)
= 1671 kJ mol⁻¹ - 1152 kJ mol⁻¹
= 519 kJ mol⁻¹
Yes. As long as the ratio of solute and solvent is same for both solution, the solution has the same concentration. for example, solution A has 2 ml of water, and 1 ml of sucrose. Solution B has 4ml of water and 2ml of sucrose. Both has a ratio of water to sucrose by 2 : 1. they have the same concentration of 50% sucrose.
To find pH, use the following formula ---> pH= - log [H+]
so first we need to calculate the [H+] concentration using the OH concentration. to do this, we need to use this formula--> 1.0x10-14= [H+] X [OH-], so we solve for H+ and plug in
[H+]= 1.0X10-14/[OH-]---> 1.0 x 10-14/ 1.0 x 10-4= 1.0 x 10-10
now that we have the H+ concentration, we can solve of pH
pH= -log (1.0x10-10)= 10
answer is A