Answer:
d. changing temperature
Explanation:
The thermodynamic equilibrium constant K is defined as a quantity characterizing the equilibrium of a chemical reaction. For a reaction where concentrations are in equilibrium:
aA + bB ⇄ cC + dD
The equilibrium constant is:
![k = \frac{[C]^c[D]^d}{[A]^a[B]^b}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=k%20%3D%20%5Cfrac%7B%5BC%5D%5Ec%5BD%5D%5Ed%7D%7B%5BA%5D%5Ea%5BB%5D%5Eb%7D)
Thus, the equilibrium constant will change if:
a. Varying the initial concentration of reactants
. FALSE. The k constant doesn't depend of initial concentrations but concentration in equilibrium does.
b. Adding other substances that do not react with any of thespecies involved in the equilibrium
. FALSE. The equilibrium constant just depends of substances that are involved in the equilibrium
c. Varying the initial concentration of products
. FALSE. Again, equilibrium constant doesn't depend of initial concentrations.
d. Changing temperature
. <em>TRUE. </em>As a thermodynamic constant, k depends of temperature thus:

e. Changing the volume of the reaction vessel. FALSE. The changing in the volume of the reaction vessel will change just the initial concentrations of the reactants.
I hope it helps!