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2 years ago

A tuba creates a 4th harmonic of

Physics

1 answer:

nikklg [1K]2 years ago

6 0

Answer:

92.33Hz

Explanation:

A tuba is considered as having one open end and the other end is closed. Then:

f_n = n×v / 4L

so here

Where n = 4

f_4 = 116.5 Hz

116.5 Hz = nv/4L

116.5 Hz = 4v/4L

4×v / 4L = v / L

116.5 Hz = v/L............1

Let's assume the speed of sound is 343 m/s. Then substituting 343 m/s for v in equation 1

116.5 Hz = v/L

116.5 Hz = 343 m/s/L

Making L the subject

116.5 Hz × L = 343 m/s

L = 343m/s / 116.5Hz

= 2.944 m

Add 0.721 m to the length, and

f_4 = 343m/s / (2.944+0.721)m

f_4 = 343m/s ÷ 3.715

= 92.328 Hz

Approximately = 92.33Hz

Hence the new frequency for the 4th harmonic is 92.33Hz

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Answer:

a) The rocket reaches a maximum height of 737.577 meters.

b) The rocket will come crashing down approximately 17.655 seconds after engine failure.

Explanation:

a) Let suppose that rocket accelerates uniformly in the two stages. First, rocket is accelerates due to engine and second, it is decelerated by gravity.

1st Stage - Engine

Given that initial velocity, acceleration and travelled distance are known, we determine final velocity ( $v$ ), measured in meters per second, by using this kinematic equation:

$v = \sqrt{v_{o}^{2} +2\cdot a\cdot \Delta s}$ (1)

Where:

$a$ - Acceleration, measured in meters per square second.

$\Delta s$ - Travelled distance, measured in meters.

$v_{o}$ - Initial velocity, measured in meters per second.

If we know that $v_{o} = 0\,\frac{m}{s}$ , $a = 2.35\,\frac{m}{s^{2}}$ and $\Delta s = 595\,m$ , the final velocity of the rocket is:

$v = \sqrt{\left(0\,\frac{m}{s} \right)^{2}+2\cdot \left(2.35\,\frac{m}{s^{2}} \right)\cdot (595\,m)}$

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The time associated with this launch ( $t$ ), measured in seconds, is:

$t = \frac{v-v_{o}}{a}$

$t = \frac{52.882\,\frac{m}{s}-0\,\frac{m}{s}}{2.35\,\frac{m}{s} }$

$t = 22.503\,s$

2nd Stage - Gravity

The rocket reaches its maximum height when final velocity is zero:

$v^{2} = v_{o}^{2} + 2\cdot a\cdot (s-s_{o})$ (2)

Where:

$v_{o}$ - Initial speed, measured in meters per second.

$v$ - Final speed, measured in meters per second.

$a$ - Gravitational acceleration, measured in meters per square second.

$s_{o}$ - Initial height, measured in meters.

$s$ - Final height, measured in meters.

If we know that $v_{o} = 52.882\,\frac{m}{s}$ , $v = 0\,\frac{m}{s}$ , $a = -9.807\,\frac{m}{s^{2}}$ and $s_{o} = 595\,m$ , then the maximum height reached by the rocket is:

$v^{2} -v_{o}^{2} = 2\cdot a\cdot (s-s_{o})$

$s-s_{o} = \frac{v^{2}-v_{o}^{2}}{2\cdot a}$

$s = s_{o} + \frac{v^{2}-v_{o}^{2}}{2\cdot a}$

$s = 595\,m + \frac{\left(0\,\frac{m}{s} \right)^{2}-\left(52.882\,\frac{m}{s} \right)^{2}}{2\cdot \left(-9.807\,\frac{m}{s^{2}} \right)}$

$s = 737.577\,m$

The rocket reaches a maximum height of 737.577 meters.

b) The time needed for the rocket to crash down to the launch pad is determined by the following kinematic equation:

$s = s_{o} + v_{o}\cdot t +\frac{1}{2}\cdot a \cdot t^{2}$ (2)

Where:

$s_{o}$ - Initial height, measured in meters.

$s$ - Final height, measured in meters.

$v_{o}$ - Initial speed, measured in meters per second.

$a$ - Gravitational acceleration, measured in meters per square second.

$t$ - Time, measured in seconds.

If we know that $s_{o} = 595\,m$ , $v_{o} = 52.882\,\frac{m}{s}$ , $s = 0\,m$ and $a = -9.807\,\frac{m}{s^{2}}$ , then the time needed by the rocket is:

$0\,m = 595\,m + \left(52.882\,\frac{m}{s} \right)\cdot t + \frac{1}{2}\cdot \left(-9.807\,\frac{m}{s^{2}} \right)\cdot t^{2}$

$-4.904\cdot t^{2}+52.882\cdot t +595 = 0$

Then, we solve this polynomial by Quadratic Formula:

$t_{1}\approx 17.655\,s$ , $t_{2} \approx -6.872\,s$

Only the first root is solution that is physically reasonable. Hence, the rocket will come crashing down approximately 17.655 seconds after engine failure.

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The motion of the mass-spring system is represented by the following formula:

$x(t) = A\cdot \cos (\omega \cdot t + \phi)$

Where:

$x(t)$ - Position of the mass with respect to the equilibrium position, measured in centimeters.

$A$ - Amplitude of the mass-spring system, measured in centimeters.

$\omega$ - Angular frequency, measured in radians per second.

$t$ - Time, measured in seconds.

$\phi$ - Phase, measured in radians.

The acceleration experimented by the mass is obtained by deriving the position equation twice:

$a (t) = -\omega^{2}\cdot A \cdot \cos (\omega\cdot t + \phi)$

Where the maximum acceleration of the system is represented by $\omega^{2}\cdot A$ .

The natural frequency of the mass-spring system is:

$\omega = \sqrt{\frac{k}{m} }$

Where:

$k$ - Spring constant, measured in newtons per meter.

$m$ - Mass, measured in kilograms.

If $k = 12\,\frac{N}{m}$ and $m = 0.40\,kg$ , the natural frequency is:

$\omega = \sqrt{\frac{12\,\frac{N}{m} }{0.40\,kg} }$

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3 years ago

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Answer:

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Explanation:

The general equation for location is:

x(t) = x₀ + v₀·t + 1/2 a·t²

Where:

x(t) is the location at time t. Let's say this is the height above the base of the cliff.

x₀ is the starting position. At the base of the cliff we'll take x₀=0 and at the top x₀=46.0

v₀ is the initial velocity. For the ball it is 0, for the stone it is 22.0.

a is the standard gravity. In this example it is pointed downwards at -9.8 m/s².

Now that we have this formula, we have to write it two times, once for the ball and once for the stone, and then figure out for which t they are equal, which is the point of collision.

Ball: x(t) = 46.0 + 0 - 1/2*9.8 t²

Stone: x(t) = 0 + 22·t - 1/2*9.8 t²

Since both objects are subject to the same gravity, the 1/2 a·t² term cancels out on both side, and what we're left with is actually quite a simple equation:

46 = 22·t

so t = 46/22 ≈ 2.09

Put this t back into either original (i.e., with the quadratic term) equation and get:

x(46/22) = 46 - 1/2 * 9.806 * (46/22)² ≈ 24.56 m

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