Answer:
Ptolemy made geocentric model of the solar system using epicycles
Explanation:
Ptolemy made geocentric model of the solar system using epicycles.
This model accounted for the apparent motions of the planets in a very direct way, by assuming that each planet moved on a small circle, called an epicycle, which moved on a larger circle, called a deferent.
Therefore, Ptolemy is the answer.
Answer:
The downward force of gravity and the force exerted by the air.
Explanation:
Gravity, in a Newtonian Framework, acts at distance, so, the ball doesn't has to be connected to Earth to feel its gravitational pull (as we know by experience).
The racket only can exert a force in the ball when is touching it, so, once the ball has left the contact with the racket, there is no force by the "hit".
The air is always touching the ball on the atmosphere (even when physicist pretend that is not). So, there is drag from the wind, and a buoyant force exerted by the air over the ball at every time.
Um this doesn't make since to me since you did not clearly state your awnser
Acceleration of the ball is 
Explanation:
The acceleration of the ball can be found by using Newton's second law of motion, which states that the net force acting on an object is equal to the product between the mass of the object and its acceleration:

where
F is the net force
m is the mass
a is the acceleration
For the ball in this problem, we have
m = 0.50 kg (mass)
F = 25 N (force)
thereofre, the acceleration of the ball is

Learn more about Newton's second law:
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In physics, sound is a vibration that propagates as an acoustic wave, through a transmission medium such as a gas, liquid or solid. In human physiology and psychology, sound is the reception of such waves and their perception by the brain.