A marine biologist is preparing a deep-sea submersible for a dive. The sub stores breathing air under high pressure in a spheric
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Answer
A)The volume decreases by a factor of 4
B), the volume has increased by factor of 2
Explanation:
A)Given:
P1= 760Kpa
P2 =202Kpa
The temperature changes from37C to155C
There is increase In pressure from P1 to P2
P1= 760torr.
We need to convert to Kpa
But, 1atm= 760torr
Then 760torr 101000pa
Then 101000pa = 101Kpa
We need to convert the temperature from Celsius to Kelvin
T1= 37+273= 310K
But from ideal gas, we know that PV = nRT where nR is constant
Where P= pressure
V= volume
T= temperature
n = number of moles
(P1V1/T1)=(P2V2/T2)
V1/V2 = P2/P1 * T1/T2
V1/V2 = (202/101)*(310/155)
V1/V2=4
Therefore, the volume has decreased by factor of 4
B)
Given:
P1= 2atm
P2 =101Kpa
The temperature changes from 305K to 32C
There is increase In pressure from P1 to P2
P1= 2atm
We need to convert to Kpa
But, 1atm= 760torr
Then 760torr 101000pa
Then 101000pa = 101Kpa
P1= 202.65kpa
We need to convert the temperature from Celsius to Kelvin
T2= 32+273= 305K
But from ideal gas, we know that PV = nRT
Where P= pressure
V= volume
T= temperature
n = number of moles
(P1V1/T1)=(P2V2/T2)
V1/V2 = P2/P1 * T1/T2
V1/V2 = (202/101)
V1/V2 = (101/202.65)*(305/305)
V1/V2 = 1/2
Therefore, the volume has increased by factor of 2
Answer:
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Explanation:
Iodine-131
Iodine-131 is both a beta emitter and a gamma emitter.
About 90 % of the energy is β-radiation and 10 % is γ-radiation. Both forms are highly energetic.
The main danger is from ingestion. The iodine concentrates in thyroid gland, where the β-radiation destroys cells up to 2 mm from the tissues that absorbed it.
Both the β- and γ-radiation cause cell mutations that can later become cancerous. Small doses, such as those absorbed from the nuclear disasters in the Ukraine and Japan, can cause cancers years after the original iodine has disappeared.
Plutonium-239
Plutonium-239 is an alpha emitter.
Alpha particles cannot penetrate the skin, so external exposure isn't much of a health risk.
However, they are extremely dangerous when they are inhaled and get inside cells. They travel first to the blood or lymph system and later to the bone marrow and liver, where they cause up to 1000 times more chromosomal damage than beta or gamma rays.
It takes about 20 years for plutonium to be eliminated from the liver around 50 years for from the skeleton, so it has a long time to cause damage.