When light crosses the boundary between layers with different densities, the light is refracted. (A).
Explanation :
Work is done when a force is applied to create a displacement on an object.
Thus, the work done depends on the two factors i.e.
(1) Applied force (F)
(2) Distance or displacement (d)
Mathematically, work done is 
It also depends on the angle between the force and the displacement.

For example,
A person carries a weight of 20 kg and lifts it on his head 1.5 m above the surface. So, the work done by him on the luggage will be:

or


So, 
Hence, the work done by him on the luggage is 294 Joules.
Answer:
E means energy
M= Mass
C=speed of light squared (the exponent means squared)
Answer:
k = 40 N/m
Explanation:
A spring's energy is given:

U is the energy in the spring, k is the spring constant and x is the spring displacement.
We are told that the spring stores 5J of energy, therefore, U = 5J. We are also told that the spring is compressed by 0.5m, so the spring x = 0.5m

k = 40 N/m
Hope this helps!
PV=nRT
(P)(86.5)=(41.5)(.08206)(300.15)
(P)(86.5)=(1022.157824)
P=11.81685345 atm