Why couldn't the Royal Society publish Newton's Principia?
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For these examples, we are talking about mechanical energy, which is divided in two forms:
1. Kinetic Energy: Related to the motion of a body or object.
2. Potential Energy: It has two forms (a) Potential Gravitational Energy, which is the energy stored by a body or object, related to its position above the ground, and (b) Elastic Potential Energy, which is the energy stored by a body or object that is able to strech and compress (for example a spring coil, springboard, the net of a trampoline...)
Now that is clear the type of energy we are talking about, let's begin with the examples:
1) As we can see in the first figure attached, when the cannonball is fired has K<u>inetic Energy</u>, and when it is in the air at a position in which the ball is in its maximum height ready to go back down, this is transformed to <u>Gravitational Potential Energy.</u>
2) In the second example (refer to 2nd figure attached), when the diver is in his position on the springboard waiting to jump, we are talking about <u>Elastic Potential Energy</u>. When he jumps this energy transforms to <u>Kinetic energy</u>.
3) For the final example (3rd figure attached), when the squirrel is standing on the tree has <u>Gravitational Potential Energy</u>. Then, when the squirrel jumps and is falling through the air, this is transformed in movement (<u>Kinetic Energy</u>). Finally, when it lands on the net of a trampoline, this is transformed to <u>Elastic Potential Energy</u>.
