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This passage is about how people research food, how much calories, much much energy you get from it, etc. It also explains the different kinds of food get a certain amount of calories. Some calories burn quicker than the other.
Answer:
Sound waves transfer energy by causing successive compressions and rarefactions in the particles of the medium without transporting the medium particles themselves. Sound in solids can also manifest as transverse waves, causing crests and troughs in the propagation medium.
I would rather be hit by the deflated ball because it wouldn't hurt as bad because it wouldn't have a lot of weight to hurt me in anyway